不同固定剂及固定时间对PCR扩增效果的影响

本研究选取五种不同固定液，分别按四种固定时间（12小时，24小时，48小时和72小时）对存在有HBVDNA的人肝癌组织进行固定，脱水包埋。然后提取组织DNA，观察不同固定液及固定时间对PCR扩增效果的影响。同时，还比较了从蜡块中制取PCR模板的四种方法。结果显示：新配中性缓冲甲醛液对组织DNA破坏较小，对PCR扩增效果影响亦较小且成本费用相对较低，固定时间最好不超过48小时。长期放置的用自来水配制的甲醛固定液对组织DNA破坏较大，DNA降解严重，直接影响PCR扩增效果。在用蜡块组织制备DNA模板上，传统酶消化，酚-氯仿抽提，酒精沉淀较为稳定，但所需组织相对较多。对小块组织，充分脱蜡，用双蒸水充分煮沸是制备PCR模板较简便的方法。根据本研究，笔者建议，在目前我国日常病理工作中，应重视对固定液的选择及固定时间的限制，以便能为进一步基因诊断提供先决条件。     

“抑肝纤”对大鼠实验免疫损伤性肝纤维化阻断作用的研究

目的本研究利用人血白蛋白免疫损伤Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠造成肝纤维化模型，以观察“抑肝纤”对大鼠肝纤维化的阻断作用。方法将不同浓度中药“抑肝纤”用于治疗组并与模型组和对照组进行对比，综合分析血清肝纤维化指标、肝组织病理改变、肝组织胶原纤维和网状纤维病理图像定量分析等结果。结果治疗组血清肝纤维化指标（ＰＣⅢ、ＨＡ、ＬＮ）均低于模型组，接近正常组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。光镜下肝组织病理变化，肝组织中胶原纤维和网状纤维病理图像定量分析结果治疗组优与模型组，尤以低浓度组更为明显（Ｐ＜０．００５或Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论研究结果表明，中药“抑肝纤”如能早期应用，可有效地阻断或延缓实验鼠肝纤维化的发生     

Low-dose dopexamine in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy: an evaluation of effects on reduction of hepatic dysfunction and ischaemic liver injury

BACKGROUND: Hepatic dysfunction is a common problem in patients after hemihepatectomy. Treatment with low-dose dopamine has been shown to be beneficial in hemihepatectomy patients. We hypothesized that dopexamine, a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine, due to its specific pharmocodynamic profile may be more effective in reducing hidden ischaemic episodes in the hepato-splanchnic region during and after temporary total cross-clamping of hepatic inflow in these patients. METHODS: The effects of low-dose dopexamine on hepatic venous haemoglobin oxygen saturation (ShvO2), hepatic venous lactate level, monoethylglycinxylid (MEGX) formation, hepatic synthetic function and indicators for hepatic cell damage were studied during hemihepatectomy and for 16 h postoperatively in hemihepatectomy patients and compared to those of low-dose dopamine. In a prospective, double-blind clinical study 20 patients received randomly either dopexamine (DPX) 0.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1) (n=10) or dopamine (DO) 2.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1) (n= 10). Infusions were started after induction of anaesthesia and continued 16 h postoperatively. Hepatic vein, radial and pulmonary artery were catheterized. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, after total cross-clamping of hepatic inflow, and at 2 h and 16 h postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no differences in systemic haemodynamics, oxygenation, ShvO2, serum aminotransferases or MEGX levels between the groups. At 16 h postoperatively prothrombin and antithrombin III levels were significantly lower while hepatic venous lactate was significantly higher in the DPX group compared to the DO group. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing hemihepatectomy, we could not reveal superior hepatoprotective effects of low-dose dopexamine compared to low-dose dopamine.     

负压法肝活检术949例临床分析

目的 :探讨开展负压法肝活检术的可行性和意义。方法 :分析1998年9月至2003年4月我院949例负压法肝活检病例组织学满意度及所出现并发症。结果 :946例肝活检病例穿刺成功 ,病理诊断明确 ,无1例出现严重并发症。结论 :开展负压法肝活检术是安全可行的 ,对临床正确诊断和治疗有着重要意义。     

Peleg双毯法提取血吸虫肝纤维化B超图像的纹理特征

介绍采用基于分形模型的方法来提取肝脏B超图像的纹理特征，通过Peleg双毯法计算了5例正常人和5例早期血吸虫纤维化的肝病患者的B超图像的分维值，结果表明该分维值可以有效的区分病变。     

丹酚酸B对PDGF及MDA诱导的人鼠原代肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨丹酚酸B（SAB）对血小板生长因子（PDGF）和丙二醛（MDA）刺激的大鼠原代肝星状细胞（HSC）增殖的影响。方法：采用原位灌注法消化大鼠肝脏，108g／L Nycodenz密度梯度离心，分离HSC，以MTT法观察细胞的增殖能力。免疫组化法检测血小板生长因子受体（PDGFR）含量。结果：MDA组与正常组相比可明显增加MTT吸光度（P〈0．05），PDGF组亦较正常组明显增加MTT吸光度（P〈0．01）；1μmol／LSAB和10μmol／L SAB不仅可显著抑制MDA刺激的HSC吸光度增加（P均〈0．01），也可抑制PDGF—BB刺激的HSC吸光度增加（P均〈0．01）。PDGF及MDA作用后细胞PDGFR的表达均明显增加，而10μmol／L SAB则可抑制PDGFR的表达。结论：SAB可通过抑制PDGFR的表达而抑制体外培养HSC的增殖．这种抑制作用与SAB的抗氧化作用有一定的关系。     

Experimental study on inhibitory effect of bridgy duct of hepatic artery on apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells

Objective： To investigate whether the method of bridgy duct established between the recipient＇s spleen artery and the donor＇s gastroduodenal artery could inhibit the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells caused by hepatic artery ischemia. Methods： Twenty-four mongrel dogs from Xi＇an area were used to establish simplified models of dog orthotopic liver transplantation and divided into three groups randomly： HAI group （hepatic artery ischemia group）,BBB group（bypassing the blood by a bridgy duct） and control group. After cold perfusion, The samples were collected from liver and bile duct in each group at different time and fixed in glutaraldehyde and 4% polyformaldehyde respectively. At last, the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells were observed and the apoptotic indexes were calculated. Results： Two hours after cold perfusion, apoptotic phenomenon was common in HAI group, rare in BBB group, while no apoptotic phenomenon was observed in control group. TUNEL staining showed that there was no significant difference in apoptotic index among the three groups immediately after cold perfusion. However, with time going, the apoptotic cells were increased in three groups, and the difference in apoptotic index was significant among three groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions： Bridgy duct of hepatic artery can inhibit the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells caused by HAI significantly.     

彩色多普勒超声检查在原发性肝癌经伽玛刀治疗32例的效果评价

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查肝癌经伽玛刀(-γ刀)治疗效果的价值。方法:32例原发性肝癌患者37个肿块,-γ刀治疗前及治疗后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月运用彩色多普勒超声进行随访。结果:-γ刀治疗后1周～1个月,肝癌病灶表现为稳定,3～6个月,病灶表现为显效,且肿块越小,治疗效果越好。结论:-γ刀治疗肝癌,是一种体外无创性的放疗方法,近期疗效满意。彩超的检查结果与临床随访相符。彩超可望成为肝癌-γ刀治疗后的观测疗效及指导治疗的有效方法。     

黄芪总黄酮抗肝损伤作用初探

目的研究黄芪总黄酮(total navonoids 0f Astragalus,TFA)对扑热息痛所致小鼠肝损伤的预防功效。方法观察不同剂量(0、100、300、400、500 ms/kg)扑热息痛对c57BL/6J小鼠肝脏的损伤作用,比较经1天或5天(每天2次)的TFA预处理后对扑热息痛(400 mg/kg)所致肝损伤的防护作用。结果扑热息痛对小鼠肝损伤作用具有明显的量效关系。不同剂量的TFA对扑热息痛诱导小鼠肝损伤有不同程度的防护作用,其作用强度与药物浓度成正比；TFA可增加血清中SOD活性(P＜0．05)；高剂量的TFA(100mg/kg)具有降低肝组织中脂质过氧化物质的作用；此外,在相同TFA剂量下,5天组对扑热息痛诱导小鼠肝损伤的预防作用优于1天组。结论提示TFA可预防扑热息痛诱导的肝损伤,其预防作用与其使用时间有密切关系。     

Radiologically placed temporary hepatic artery catheter for treatment of liver cancer

Hepatic artery infusion (HAI) chemotherapy is associated with higher response rates compared to systemic chemotherapy in those patients with unresectable liver malignancies. Operative hepatic artery catheter (HAC) insertion has significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with high‐volume disease, some of whom may not respond to HAI chemotherapy. We report our experience in 45 patients with high‐volume liver disease who were initially treated with HAI chemotherapy via a radiologically placed temporary HAC to try to select the responders who then went on to have an operative HAC. In these 45 patients who had 62 radiologically placed HAC, we found very few major complications, and certainly no complications such as cholecystitis, vascular or malperfusion problems.