Allergic contact dermatitis in shiitake (Lentinus edodes (Berk) Sing) growers

A 42-year-old female shiitake grower was investigated to clarify the etiology of skin lesions which developed during the planting of shiitake hyphae into bed logs. She complained of repeated eczematous skin lesions during the planting season, from March to July, for 10 years. She handled 7,000 pieces of small conic blocks made of beech, with shiitake hyphae attached to their surface, per day, and 300,000 pieces altogether per season. She was positive on patch testing with extracts of shiitake hyphae. In contrast, female shiitake growers with skin lesions associated with work other than planting, and without skin lesions, were negative on patch testing to the hyphae. Moderate allergenicity was observed to extracts of shiitake hyphae in a guinea pig maximization test. These findings indicated the etiology of skin lesions in shiitake growers to be allergic contact dermatitis induced by shiitake hyphae.     

308 nm准分子激光对豚鼠皮肤黑素细胞的影响

目的:研究308 nm准分子激光对皮肤色素沉着的诱导作用,为其治疗白癜风提供科学依据.方法:以正常棕黄色豚鼠皮肤为实验模型,用不同剂量的308 nm准分子激光进行照射,分别采用肉眼评估、黑素细胞染色(Imokawa法)及黑素颗粒染色(Fontana-Masson法)研究该激光的致色素沉着作用;对不同照射剂量组豚鼠皮肤中的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)进行免疫组化染色,间接观察黑素调节因子一氧化氮(NO)的变化情况;苏木精-伊红染色观察表皮组织学改变.结果:各组的色素沉着评分、平均黑素数量以及多巴阳性黑素细胞数之间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:308 nm准分子激光可诱导豚鼠皮肤色素沉着,且这种效应随着照射剂量的上升而增强.     

豚鼠皮肤球形马拉色菌感染模型的建立

目的：建立皮肤球形马拉色菌感染的动物模型。方法：分别采用涂菌1次法、涂菌1次并皮下注射甲泼尼龙法、连续7d涂菌法3种方法诱导豚鼠皮肤感染球形马拉色菌。结果：连续7d涂菌法适合于此模型的建立，得到了满意的皮损及菌落数。结论：皮肤菌落计数能更直观、客观地反映药物的短期疗效，是评价皮肤球形马拉色菌感染模型较科学的指标。     

抗过敏性鼻炎甘辛喷雾剂的研究

目的研制复方甘草和辛夷(甘辛)鼻用抗过敏喷雾剂。方法以甘草提取物甘草甜素和辛夷花提取液为主药制备成鼻用喷雾剂,建立RP-HPLC测定甘草酸含量,以2.4-二异氰酸甲苯酯(TD I)介导的豚鼠超敏反应为模型,观察甘辛喷雾剂模型对过敏性鼻炎的疗效。结果制剂制备工艺可行,质量稳定,RP-HPLC对甘草酸铵含量测定结果可靠,重现性好;甘辛喷雾剂大小两个剂量组均在一定程度上使鼻黏膜上皮下嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞和嗜中性粒细胞减少,腺体增生和分泌亢进得到有效的抑制。结论甘辛喷雾剂可有效抑制超敏反应过程,保护鼻黏膜组织结构。     

连翘酯苷对顺铂作用后豚鼠耳蜗c-jun表达的影响

目的：研究连翘酯苷对顺铂作用后豚鼠耳蜗c—jun表达的影响。方法：将30只豚鼠随机分为对照组（10只）,顺铂组（10只）和连翘酯苷组（10只）。腹腔注射顺铂溶液（8mg／kg）,1次／d,连续7d,建立顺铂耳毒性模型;连翘酯苷组在每次注射顺铂溶液30rnin前腹腔注射连翘酯苷25．0mg／kg／d,连续7d;对照组以生理盐水代替顺铂溶液注射,连续7d。实验动物被处死前,检测其DPOAE幅值变化;采用蛋白质印迹杂交（Western Blotting）检测各组豚鼠耳蜗c—jun蛋白的表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应检测各组豚鼠耳蜗c—jun基因mRNA的表达。结果：顺铂组DPOAE幅值明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）;相比于顺铂组,连翘酯苷组DPOAE幅值明显升高（P〈0．05）。顺铂组豚鼠耳蜗c—jun蛋白与mRNA表达水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;相比于顺铂组,连翘酯苷组C-jun蛋白与mRNA表达水平明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：连翘酯苷能够通过降低c—jun的表达防护顺铂所致的耳蜗损伤。     

Auditory-Nerve Responses to Varied Inter-Phase Gap and Phase Duration of the Electric Pulse Stimulus as Predictors for Neuronal Degeneration

After severe hair cell loss, secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) is observed—a gradual process that spans years in humans but only takes weeks in guinea pigs. Being the target for cochlear implants (CIs), the physiological state of the SGCs is important for the effectiveness of a CI. For assessment of the nerve’s state, focus has generally been on its response threshold. Our goal was to add a more detailed characterization of SGC functionality. To this end, the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) was recorded in normal-hearing guinea pigs and guinea pigs that were deafened 2 or 6 weeks prior to the experiments. We evaluated changes in eCAP characteristics when the phase duration (PD) and inter-phase gap (IPG) of a biphasic current pulse were varied. We correlated the magnitude of these changes to quantified histological measures of neurodegeneration (SGC packing density and SGC size). The maximum eCAP amplitude, derived from the input–output function, decreased after deafening, and increased with both PD and IPG. The eCAP threshold did not change after deafening, and decreased with increasing PD and IPG. The dynamic range was wider for the 6-weeks-deaf animals than for the other two groups. Excitability increased with IPG (steeper slope of the input–output function and lower stimulation level at the half-maximum eCAP amplitude), but to a lesser extent for the deafened animals than for normal-hearing controls. The latency was shorter for the 6-weeks-deaf animals than for the other two groups. For several of these eCAP characteristics, the effect size of IPG correlated well with histological measures of degeneration, whereas effect size of PD did not. These correlations depend on the use of high current levels, which could limit clinical application. Nevertheless, their potential of these correlations towards assessment of the condition of the auditory nerve may be of great benefit to clinical diagnostics and prognosis in cochlear implant recipients.     

归芪猪蹄汤对骨髓抑制模型大鼠造血功能的影响

目的探讨归芪猪蹄汤对环磷酰胺致骨髓抑制模型大鼠造血功能的影响。方法应用环磷酰胺腹腔注射建立骨髓抑制模型大鼠,观察高、低剂量归芪猪蹄汤对模型大鼠外周血白细胞、脾结节计数、骨髓DNA含量及骨髓病理形态的影响。结果归芪猪蹄汤可显著提高骨髓模型大鼠血白细胞计数(P<0.05),其中高剂量组优于低剂量组。高剂量组可提高模型大鼠脾结节计数和骨髓DNA含量(P<0.05);归芪猪蹄汤对模型大鼠骨髓组织造血细胞及巨核细胞数的减少有不同程度的恢复作用,对脂肪组织的增加有一定的抑制作用,其中高剂量组疗效显著。结论归芪猪蹄汤可明显改善环磷酰胺致骨髓抑制大鼠的造血功能。     

Penumbra region excitability is not enhanced acutely after cerebral ischemia in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain

Purpose: Early seizures are a frequent consequence of stroke. The main goal of the present study is to verify whether anoxic ischemia per se is able to induce early changes in excitability that may be a prelude to the generation of seizures and, ultimately, to epileptogenesis. Excitability changes in the very acute postischemic phase are here analyzed in a new model of ischemia developed in the isolated guinea pig brain preparation. Methods: Permanent bilateral occlusion of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) was performed in the isolated guinea pig brain maintained in vitro by arterial perfusion. Magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry were utilized to identify the penumbra and core regions induced by ACA occlusion (ACAo). Slow potentials and evoked responses recorded in olfactory cortices were utilized to evaluate excitability changes in the acute phase after ischemia. Key Findings: ACAo induces a core area located in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and a region of penumbra in the underlying olfactory cortices, where characteristic slow potential shifts, but no reduction of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) signal and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) immunostaining (typical of ischemic core) was observed. Recording of responses evoked by low‐ and high‐frequency stimulations of the lateral olfactory tract showed no excitability changes in the early hours that follow ischemia in the olfactory cortical areas supplied by ACAs. Significance: The absence of early hyperexcitability changes in an isolated whole brain model of ischemia, strongly suggests that brain anoxia per se does not contribute to the generation of early seizures. These findings support the view that blood‐borne events (such as hemorrhage and inflammation) may play a major role in early postischemic seizures.