Downregulation of uncoupling protein-2 by genipin exacerbates diabetes-induced kidney proximal tubular cells apoptosis

Renal tubular epithelial cell injury is a major pathological event that contributes to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial membrane protein, has been reported to participate in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes to tubular cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. In this study, we found that genipin, a UCP2 inhibitor, dramatically boosted oxidative stress, attenuated antioxidative capacity, and exacerbated cell apoptosis accompanied with caspase-3 activation in rat renal proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) incubated with high glucose. The present study results suggest that manipulation of UCP2 could be important in the prevention of oxidative stress damage in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hyperglycemia in vitro.     

交联温度对京尼平交联壳聚糖/藻酸盐组织工程支架的影响

[目的]通过对壳聚糖/藻酸盐复合支架材料表面结构、降解率、细胞毒性、孔隙率、含水量以及生物力学性能变化的研究,探究交联温度对京尼平交联壳聚糖/藻酸盐组织工程支架的影响.[方法]运用冷冻干燥法制备壳聚糖/藻酸盐支架材料,分别在4℃、25℃、37℃条件,于0.5％京尼平溶液中交联24 h,作为实验组.以未用京尼平交联的支架材料作为对照组,评价支架材料降解率、细胞毒性、孔隙率、含水量以及生物力学性能的特点.[结果](1)伴随交联温度升高,支架材料的颜色从浅紫色变为紫黑色,未交联的支架材料为白色;(2)降解率4周后在4℃为21.54％±3.07％、25℃组为9.9％±1.2％、37℃组为8.98％±0.79％.其中,37℃和25℃组抗降解能力优于4℃组(P＜0.05).各实验组均优于对照组(P＜0.01);(3)弹性模量在4℃组为0.84±0.55,25℃组为1.44±0.06,37℃组为1.53±0.02,对照组为0.79±0.16.对照组与25℃组及37℃组之间差异有统计学 意义(P＜0.05);(4)孔隙率、含水量、细胞毒性各实验组间未见明显差异.[结论]随着交联温度的提高,支架材料的抗降解能力、抗拉伸性能增加,且对支架材料的结构、细胞毒性、孔隙率以及含水量无明显影响.     

杜仲盐制前后胶丝力度与色度值及特征成分含量的相关性研究

目的 分析杜仲盐制前后杜仲胶胶丝力度与色度值及特征成分含量的相关性,为杜仲炮制过程质量控制提供理论依据。方法 以盐制前后的杜仲饮片为研究对象,使用Instron3343型材料试验机测定杜仲胶丝力度,利用测色仪采集色度值L^*、a^*、b^*、E_ab^*,采用HPLC法测定京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷、京尼平、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷6个化学成分的含量,利用变量投影重要性分析（variable importance projection,VIP）与散点图（scatter plot,S-Plot）分析各成分的权重,结合SPSS 26.0与SIMCA 14.1软件分析样品胶丝力度与色度值、特征成分含量间的相关性。结果 与生品相比,杜仲盐制后胶丝力度极显著降低,L^*、a^*、b^*、E_ab^*均不同程度降低,金丝桃苷的含量、色度值L^*、a^*、b^*、E_ab^*与胶丝力度均呈显著正相关,京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷的含量与胶丝力度均呈显著负相关,松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、京尼平的含量与胶丝力度无明显相关性。结论 盐制后杜仲饮片的胶丝力度降低,杜仲饮片的色度值和金丝桃苷含量也一同降低,而京尼平苷酸、绿原酸与京尼平苷的含量反而增加。为盐杜仲饮片的定性判别提供了科学依据,同时为杜仲盐制的质量控制提供了一种新的研究思路和理论基础。     

Dietary Flavone Baicalein Combinate with Genipin Attenuates Inflammation Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 Cells or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mice via Regulating the Expression and Phosphorylation of AKT

Mounting evidence has shown that single-targeted therapy might be inadequate to achieve satisfactory effects. Thus, drug combinations are gaining attention as they can regulate multiple targets to obtain more beneficial effects. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that assists the protein assembly and folding of client proteins and maintains their stability. Interfering with the interaction between HSP90 and its client proteins by inhibiting the latter’s activity may offer a new approach toward combination therapy. The HSP90 client protein AKT plays an important role in the inflammatory response syndrome caused by infections. In this study, the dietary flavone baicalein was identified as a novel inhibitor of HSP90 that targeted the N-terminal ATP binding pocket of HSP90 and hindered the chaperone cycle, resulting in AKT degradation. Combining baicalein with genipin, which was extracted from Gardenia jasminoides, could inhibit the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT, significantly increasing the anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. This synergistic effect was attributed to the reduction in AKT expression and phosphorylation. Thus, elucidating the mechanism underlying this effect will provide a new avenue for the clinical application and development of synergistic anti-inflammatory drugs.     

基于多元统计方法和成分差异分析栀子及其炮制品质量

目的 建立栀子Gardenia jasminoides的UPLC指纹图谱，比较栀子及其炮制品之间的差异。方法 收集2个产地10批栀子，使用不同方法炮制，采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)，栀子及其炮制品用甲醇超声提取制备溶液，以乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱，进样量1μL，柱温30℃，体积流量0.2 mL/min，检测波长为239 nm与440 nm，建立其UPLC指纹图谱。运用总量统计矩相似度、灰色关联度、TOPSIS和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)对栀子的UPLC特征指纹图谱进行数据分析。结果 栀子及其炮制品的UPLC特征指纹图谱的共有标志峰20个，其中4个鉴定为栀子苷、京尼平龙胆双糖苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ。2产地的栀子经炮制成焦栀子后，栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ与西红花苷Ⅱ含量有所减少。湖南湘乡地区栀子经炮制后其京尼平龙单双糖苷含量有一定增加。结论 所建立的栀子不同炮制品特征指纹图谱共有20个标志峰，不同炮制品之间标志峰峰面积和含量...     

栀子及其主要成分的药理及毒性作用研究进展

栀子Gardeniae Fructus是茜草科植物Gardenia jasminoides的果实，属于药食同源中药，其使用范围广、用量大，具有许多显著的药理作用。国内外研究表明栀子提取物具有抗炎、抗血栓、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等功效，且对肝脏、胃肠道、心血管、神经、软组织都具有保护作用；然而毒性研究提示栀子的某些提取物有损伤肝、肾、肠道的风险，且具备基因毒性。通过对栀子的相关文献资料进行归纳总结，从化学成分、药理作用、毒性作用、机制研究及临床应用等方面阐述栀子及其主要化学成分的生物活性和毒性研究，同时对栀子未来的研究进行展望，为栀子的相关研究和开发提供参考。