全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的应用效果

目的观察全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的临床疗效。方法将70例老年髋关节置换术患者随机分成试验组和对照组,对照组采用气管插管静脉全麻,而试验组采用全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞,比较两组术中麻醉药用量及拔管前后生命体征变化。结果试验组患者的麻醉药物丙泊酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵、瑞芬太尼少于对照组(P0.05);试验组苏醒及拔管时间缩短,疼痛、躁动发生率减少(P0.05);试验组生命体征较对照组更为稳定(P0.05)。结论全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于老年髋关节置换手术,用药少,能更好地维持患者的症状。     

FRAX and mandibular sparse trabeculation as fracture predictors: a longitudinal study from 1980 to 2002

The fracture assessment tool (FRAX) is widely used for predicting fractures, but better methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine whether visual assessments of mandibular trabecular bone could improve FRAX predictions. Three age‐cohorts of women were examined twice – 499 women in 1980/1981 and 412 women in 1992/1993; 397 participated in both examinations. Information on 10‐yr fracture events was available, and bone trabeculation was assessed in radiographs as ‘dense’, ‘mixed’, or ‘sparse’. Fracture assessment tool values, without bone mineral density (BMD), were calculated twice. Both sparse trabeculation and FRAX >15% were associated with a twofold higher risk for future fracture in the younger group and with a three‐ to fourfold higher risk for future fracture in the older group. For those with both FRAX >15% and sparse trabeculation, the relative risk (RR) for a fracture in the next 10 yr was 5.9 (95% CI: 3.5–9.8) in the younger group and 22.7 (95% CI: 5.6–92) in the older group. If either FRAX >15% or sparse trabeculation was present, the RR was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7–4.1) in the younger group and 15.7 (95% CI: 3.9–6.4) in the older group. We concluded that FRAX >15%, without BMD measurements, was an effective fracture predictor, and mandibular sparse trabeculation had a substantial additive effect. Together, FRAX plus mandibular sparse trabeculation predicts major osteoporotic fractures to approximately the same extent as does FRAX with BMD measurements.     

慢性HBV感染孕妇心理压力源的质性研究

目的了解慢性HBV感染孕妇主要的心理压力源。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法，深入访谈9例慢性HBV感染孕妇，了解其心理压力状况。结果HBV感染孕妇妊娠期心理压力源主要包括：担心孩子被传染、对在传染病医院分娩的顾虑、对分娩方式和喂养方式选择的顾虑、担心自身健康、对承担母亲角色的顾虑。结论医护人员应结合乙肝孕妇的自身特点做好相应的健康指导和心理支持以减轻乙肝孕妇的心理压力。同时应进一步加大对公众的宣传力度，为乙肝患者营造一个公平、友好的社会氛围。     

饮食因素与胰腺癌的相关性

目的:探讨多种饮食因素与胰腺癌危险性的关系,为该病防治提供科学依据.方法:2007-09/2009-10在上海部分门诊和医院确诊的97例胰腺癌病例纳入病例组,按年龄、性别配比选择未患肿瘤的人群194例纳入对照组,用统一的调查表以相同的询问方式和态度进行问卷调查.对获取的资料用条件logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:经多因素分析结果显示:甜食(OR=4.706)与胰腺癌呈正相关.洋葱(OR=0.068)、山药(OR=0.301)、红薯(OR=0.178)和水果(OR=0.299)与胰腺癌呈负相关.结论:饮食因素在胰腺癌的发生过程中可能起着重要作用.     

Retrospective Evaluation of Crestal Bone Changes Around Implants With Reduced Abutment Diameter Placed Non‐Submerged and at Subcrestal Positions: The Effect of Bone Grafting at Implant Placement

Background: There is limited information regarding the effect of grafting of the osteotomy after subcrestal implant placement. The primary aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the effect of bone grafting of the defect between the bone crest and the coronal aspect of implants with reduced abutment diameter placed non‐submerged and at subcrestal positions. Methods: Records of 50 consecutive patients treated with subcrestally placed dental implants grafted with a xenograft (Group A) and 50 consecutive patients with subcrestally placed dental implants without any grafting material (Group B) were reviewed. For each implant, the radiographs after placement were compared to images from the last follow‐up visit and evaluated regarding the following: 1) degree of subcrestal positioning of the implant, 2) changes of marginal hard‐tissue height over time, and 3) whether marginal hard‐tissue could be detected on the implant platform at the follow‐up visit. Results: The mean marginal loss of hard tissues was 0.11 ± 0.30 mm for Group A and 0.08 ± 0.22 mm for Group B. Sixty‐nine percent of the implants in Group A and 77% of the implants in Group B demonstrated hard tissue on the implant platform. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding marginal peri‐implant hard‐tissue loss. Conclusion: The present study fails to demonstrate that grafting of the remaining osseous wound defect between the bone crest and the coronal aspect of the implant has a positive effect on marginal peri‐implant hard‐tissue changes.