催化裂化原料油的乳化过程

将掺渣蜡油乳化成W／O乳液，作为催化裂化原料油，在二次雾化和分子解聚作用下，可显著改善原料油雾化状况，降低结焦和干气收率。研究了掺渣蜡油的乳化过程，包括乳化剂的单剂筛选和复配以及乳化工艺条件。结果表明，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（M－2）具有较好的乳化性能；乳化剂的复配能增加乳化原料油稳定性；适宜的掺水量是ω水＝0.10-0.15，加剂量为ω乳化剂＝0.001-0.00125；乳化温度70℃-80℃，乳液体系中水珠分布直径为5μm-10μm，乳化原粒油在80℃时油水分层时间达14d。     

Natural surfactant-based topical vehicles for two model drugs: Influence of different lipophilic excipients on in vitro/in vivo skin performance

This study focuses on the properties of topical vehicles based on alkylpolyglucoside natural surfactant-mixed emulsifier, cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol, in order to propose their use as “ready to use” pharmaceutical bases for a number of model drugs. We were interested to investigate how the alternative use of three lipophilic excipients (Ph. Eur. 6.0), differing in their polarity indexes (medium chain triglycerides (MG), decyl oleate (DO), and isopropyl myristate (IPM), respectively), affects the colloidal structure of the alkylpolyglucoside-based vehicles and in vitro permeation profiles of two model drugs: diclofenac sodium (DC) and caffeine (CF), both sparingly soluble in water. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the safety profile of such vehicles in vitro (acute skin irritation test using a cytotoxicity assay), comparing it with in vivo data obtained by the methods of skin bioengineering.The results have shown that the emulsion vehicles consisted of a complex colloidal structure of lamellar liquid crystalline and lamellar gel crystalline type. Varying of lipophilic excipient influenced noteworthy variations in the colloidal structure demonstrated as different rheological profiles accompanied to the certain degree by different water distribution modes, but notably provoked by drug nature (an amphiphilic electrolyte drug vs. nonelectrolyte). In vitro permeation data obtained using ASC membranes in an infinite dose-type of experiment stressed the importance of the vehicle/solute interactions in case of small variation in formulation composition, asserting the drug properties in the first hours of permeation and rheological profile of the vehicles in the later phase of experiment as decisive factors. In vitro skin irritation test demonstrated a mild nature of the emulsifying wax and the absence of negative effects of used oil phases on cell viability in formulation concentrations correspondent to the therapeutic need. This result alongside with data obtained from in vivo study, could additionally promote investigated topical vehicles as prospective “ready to use” pharmaceutical bases.     

Development of Multi-Phase Emulsions Based on Bioresorbable Polymers and Oily Adjuvant

Purpose  To enhance the water affinity of W/O emulsion-adjuvanted vaccines, we used three bioresorbable polymers named PEG-b-PLA, PEG-b-PCL, and PEG-b-PLACL as hydrophilic emulsifier to stabilize the interfaces between the oily Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant and the antigen media. Methods  Polymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of lactide and/or ε-caprolactone in the presence of monomethoxy PEG. ¹H NMR and GPC data showed that obtained polymers consisted of 70 wt.% hydrophilic PEG block and 30 wt.% lipophilic PLA, PCL, PLACL block with molecular weights of 7,000. Results  The polymer-stabilized ISA51 emulsions have high affinity to water, such that the stock of antigen-encapsulating emulsion could be re-dispersed into PBS before injection, thus yielding stable and injectable W/O/W emulsion nanoparticles. Immunogenicity studies showed that PEG-b-PLACL/ISA51/PBS-formulated ovalbumin with only 5% of ISA51 oily adjuvant could induce the same level of antibody titers as those induced by PBS/ISA51-formulated ovalbumin. Conclusions  The novel multi-phase emulsions increase fluidity and conceptually diminish local reactions with respect to the W/O type vaccines produced from the same oil. These features are of great interest for applications in candidate vaccine delivery, especially for further optimization of alternative immunization routes, such as intramuscular, transdermal or mucosal administration.     

苯基荧光酮-乳化剂分光光度法测定微量铁

目的：在乳化剂（OP）存在下,基于Fe（Ⅲ）与苯基荧光酮（PF）的显色反应,建立了分光光度法测定微量铁的新方法。方法：通过Fe（Ⅲ）与PF-OP形成灵敏度较高的多元配合物,来测量铁含量。结果：络合物的最大吸收波长为580 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为ε=2.60×10^5L·mol^-1·cm^-1,Fe（Ⅲ）含量在0.035～4.0μg/25mL范围内服从比尔定律,线性回归方程为A=0.268C（μg/25mL）＋0.0373,r=0.9991,干扰离子较少。结论：已用于网管水铁含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

乳胶渗透蒸发膜的制备

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸乙酯为单体进行乳液聚合，将聚合获得的乳胶直接浇铸制取乳胶渗透蒸发膜。研究了乳液聚合中各成分如：单体配比、分散介质、交联剂、乳化剂及引发剂对乳胶膜机械性能及渗透蒸发分离性能的影响，得出较为理想的配方。     

微乳给药系统研究概况

微乳是一种热力学及动力学稳定的、乳滴小于0．1μm的特殊乳剂,可作为脂溶性和水溶性药物载体,促进药物的口服或经皮吸收并具有靶向性。本文综述了微乳的制备工艺及在药物制剂中的应用。     

依托泊甙复乳处方设计和稳定性考核

通过对油的品种、乳化剂及 HLB 值、稳定剂等辅料的筛选,并经正交设计试验获得较稳定的 W_1o/w_2型依托泊甙复乳处方和制备工艺条件,测定了药物包裹率并考核了稳定性。     

表面活性剂荧光法测定厚朴酚

利用非离子表面活性剂OP乳化剂的增敏增稳作用,提高荧光量子效率,实现对厚朴酚的荧光测定,使测定灵敏度较紫外分光法提高两个数量级。     

药用微乳伪三元相图的几种制备方法比较研究

目的评价目前常用的几种微乳伪三元相图制备方法的优劣。方法选择吐温-80、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚(OP)和大豆卵磷脂为乳化剂,乙醇为助乳化剂,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯或油酸乙酯为油相,制备伪三元相图,以相图中数据点的准确性和可靠性等为指标,评价不同方法所得微乳相图的差异。结果不同方法制备的水包油型乳化剂的伪三元相图微乳区面积差异不大,但图中不同区域数据点的准确性和可靠性差异较大;不同方法制备的油包水型乳化剂伪三元相图的各相以及相区的面积差异均较大。结论制备准确可靠的伪三元相图,应根据组分的性质及所制备的微乳类型来选择方法,并综合利用某几种方法来判断滴定终点。