不同健身运动处方对大学生体质健康水平的影响

目的:观察实施不同健身运动处方对大学生体质的影响,为大学生科学锻炼提供实验依据.方法:366名大学生志愿者,按中国<学生体质健康标准>(试行方案),依其测试成绩分为3组:减肥健身组、强心健身组与壮力健身组,并将3组再平均分为实验组与对照组.设计三套不同的健身运动处方.实验组实施针对性运动处方,对照组不实施运动处方干预,实验期为1年.实验结束时复测相同指标并进行实验前后及实验组与对照组的比较,同时进行问卷调查.结果:减肥健身运动处方干预对大学生体重、体重指数、肺活量体重指数产生积极影响,实验前后差异显著(P<0.05),组间差异亦显著,且女生效果更明显;强心健身运动处方干预对肺活量体重指数、台阶试验成绩有显著影响(P<0.05);壮力健身运动处方干预对立定跳远、男生握力体重指数有显著影响(P<0.05),对女生一分钟仰卧起坐成绩作用明显(F=25.68,P=0.00).问卷调查结果显示,实施运动处方的大学生在锻炼动机、锻炼目标、兴趣和锻炼后行为质量的自我评价方面明显优于未实施运动处方的对照组(Z=18.92,P＜0.01).结论:实施健身运动处方能有效提高大学生体质健康水平.     

Effect of emailed messages on return use of a nutrition education website and subsequent changes in dietary behavior

Background

At-risk populations can be reached with Web-based disease prevention and behavior change programs. However, such eHealth applications on the Internet need to generate return usage to be effective. Limited evidence is available on how continued usage can be encouraged.

Objective

This analysis tested whether routine email notification about a nutrition education website promoted more use of the website.

Methods

Adults from six rural counties in Colorado and New Mexico, United States (n = 755) participating in a randomized trial and assigned to the intervention group (n = 380) received, over a period of 4 months, email messages alerting them to updates on the website, along with hyperlinks to new content. Update alerts were sent approximately every 5 weeks (each participant received up to 4 messages). Log-ons to the website were the primary outcome for this analysis.

Results

A total of 23.5% (86/366) of the participants responded to at least one email, and 51.2% (44/86) of these participants responded to half of the email messages by logging on to the website. Significantly more log-ons occurred on email notification days compared to all other days (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 2.72-5.06). More log-ons also occurred just after the notification but declined each day thereafter (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.98 one day further from mass email). Non-Hispanics (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.26-0.84), older participants (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.04-1.06), and those using the Internet most recently (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.51-0.77) were more likely to log on. Responders to the messages had a more positive change in fruit and vegetable intake (mean change = +1.69) than nonresponders (+0.05), as measured with a food frequency assessment (adjusted Spearman partial correlation coefficient = 0.14, P = .049). Compared to nonresponders, responders were more likely to be non-Hispanic (P = .01), older (P < .001), and had used the Internet more recently (P < .001).

Conclusions

Messages sent by email appeared to promote a modest short-lived increase in use of a disease prevention website by some adults. Those who responded to the messages by logging on to the website may have been influenced to improve their diet.     

基于XML的电子病历存储管理系统的实现

医疗数据的充分共享是医院数字化的基本要求,但目前各个医院临床管理系统的异构性,给医疗数据的共享带来了很大的障碍.为了实现医院之间信息系统的交互和数据共享,本文采用 XML技术来定义电子病历结构,实现分布异构系统之间临床信息集成,设计并实现了电子病历存储管理系统,将病人的病历信息整合成一个以＂病人为中心＂的 XML文档,并将其存入关系数据库中以利于管理,从而实现了病历信息的归档.     

‘Am I normal?’ Teenagers,sexual health and the internet

The development of new communication technologies has created a wide variety of new fields in which human beings can construct identities. The past decade has seen a proliferation of opportunities to use the internet for health related advice and information and many new sites have been created where participants can construct identities, formulate problems and seek solutions concerning health related issues. This paper will report on a study of emails written in to a UK-based website concerned with health issues for young people. Our analysis was driven by corpus linguistics, a computational methodology for interrogating extensive datasets, and we have combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of language. We interrogated a 400,000 word dataset of messages and were able to identify terms whose usage was elevated compared to the English language as a whole. As well as personal pronouns, these included many terms related to sexual health and bodily development, as well as terms such as 'normal' and 'worried' which were identified for further exploration. Whereas previous research on sexual health has discovered the use of vague terms and euphemisms, here, young people described themselves, their anatomy and their identities in meticulous detail. This study enables us to define the role of health topics raised, the presentation of health concerns, and contributes towards the discovery of a distinctive 'genre' of health messages concerning sexual health which differs from that found by other researchers concentrating on face to face encounters. In conclusion we suggest that for researchers and practitioners working in health with young people in the medium of English there could be valuable lessons in communication to be learned from examination of corpora of the health care language concerned.     

离子导入复方丹参注射液联合激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的临床研究和护理

目的比较离子导入复方丹参注射液联合激光光凝与单纯激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法观察和护理517例(951只眼)糖尿病视网膜病变患者,其中302例(567只眼)作为研究组,215例(384只眼)作为对照组,观察两组疗效。结果研究组有效率为96.3%,对照组有效率为86.7%。两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。研究组治疗后视网膜出血、渗出、黄斑水肿的吸收及新生血管的消退明显优于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论离子导入复方丹参注射液联合激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变优于单纯激光光凝治疗,护士为病人提供优质的生理及心理护理,是提高疗效、减少意外的基础。     

我国中西部农村基层卫生服务机构过度使用注射情况分析

目的 了解农村医疗机构过度使用注射的严重程度及其对处方费用的影响.方法 本文以我国中西部9省市农村基层卫生服务机构为对象,对乡村两级基层医疗机构用药处方进行分析.结果 我国中西部农村医疗机构的处方注射使用率为25.8%～62.2%,平均值为45.1%,显著高于WHO标准(13.4%～24.1%),滥用注射情况严重;滥用注射导致处方费用增加,过度使用注射与基层卫生机构所在地的经济水平有关,也和卫生机构自身的规模和提供的医疗卫生服务量有关.结论 建议政府卫生部门加强管理,制定相应的政策和措施,加强医护人员的培训,加强群众的健康教育,结合实际探讨农村地区行之有效的注射管理模式,减少滥用注射.     

滋补脾阴方药保护兔脊髓继发性损伤的实验研究

目的：探讨滋补脾阴方药对脊髓继发性损伤的保护作用。方法：采用Allen法致伤造成家兔脊髓损伤模型，随机分为假手术组，2h、12h、24h、60h滋补脾阴方药组及各中药组生理盐水对照组，观察脊髓细胞线粒体Na^ ，K^ -ATP酶，Ca^2 ，Mg^2 -ATP酶活性及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。结果：脊髓损伤后脊髓细胞线粒体Na^ ，K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 Mg^2 -ATP酶活性、SOD含量明显降低，MDA含量明显升高。使用滋补脾阴方药后，增高Na^ ，K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 ，Mg^ -ATP酶活性，使SOD含量升高，使MDA含量降低。结论：滋补脾阴方药可以改善脊髓细胞线粒体ATP酶活性，缓解脂质过氧化反应，从而发挥脊髓保护作用。     

尿道内切开结合电切术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁

目的 提高尿道内切开结合电切术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁手术的成功率.方法 总结36例尿道内切开、尿道瘢痕电切术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的经验.结果 32例一次手术成功,4例首次手术后又发生尿道狭窄,再次行尿道内切开及尿道瘢痕电切术,3例术后定期行尿道扩张,效果满意.结论 尿道内切开结合电切术是治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的首选方法,手术创伤小,并发症少,恢复快,应争取一次成功.     

Whole-Genome Sequencing in Healthy People

Recent technological advances have radically changed genetic testing from an expensive and burdensome undertaking to a rapid and less costly option for many purposes. The utility of “next-generation” sequencing has been found to establish the diagnosis for hundreds of genetic disorders, to assess pharmacogenomic variants, and to identify treatable targets within malignant neoplasms. The ready availability of genomic information has led to the question of whether there would be clinical benefit of sequencing the genome of individuals who are not seeking a diagnosis, that is, genomic screening in generally healthy people, to provide anticipatory insights for their health care. Little research has been conducted in this area. We examine the considerable unresolved scientific and ethical issues encountered when considering whole-genome sequencing of healthy people.