CRT与VST设计角膜塑形镜对低E值角膜形态近视的控制效果比较

目的：观察和分析配戴CRT与VST设计角膜塑形镜对低E值角膜形态控制青少年近视发展的有效性及安全性的对比研究。

方法：前瞻性研究，选取2020-01/2021-12于我院视光门诊就诊配戴角膜塑形镜的青少年近视患者100例100眼，取右眼数据用于研究。按等效球镜分低度近视组(-1.00--3.00 D)和中度近视组(-3.25--5.00 D)，各50例。组内采用随机数字表法分为CRT组和VST组，各25例。测量各组配戴前后裸眼视力、屈光度、眼轴(AL)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜内皮细胞密度、角膜点染分级、镜片偏位情况、MRT 15°-30°处视网膜近视离焦量。随访1.5 a。

结果：低度近视中，CRT组和VST组配戴角膜塑形镜后裸眼视力各时间点无差异，中度近视数组塑形后裸眼视力CRT组优于VST组，两组1 d，1 wk的视力有差异(t=-9.474、-12.067，均P<0.01)，其他时间点两组均无差异。戴镜后6 mo，1.5 a，低度近视、中度近视中CRT组和VST组AL增加量均无差异，但CRT组比VST组增长少。两组戴镜后6 mo，1.5 a的双眼BUT及角膜内皮细胞密度均无差异。从两组的角膜损伤来看CRT组角膜损伤低于VST组，但无差异(Z=-1.803，P=0.071)，CRT组镜片偏位情况优于VST组(Z=-4.629，P<0.001)； MRT 15°-30°处视网膜近视离焦量，低度近视中两组无差异，中度近视中1、3、6 mo离焦量有差异(t=-3.949，P=0.008； t=-5.833，P<0.001； t=-6.231，P<0.001)，CRT组能产生更多的近视性离焦量。

结论：对于对低E值角膜形态的患者，CRT采用角膜8 mm处的矢高值来验配，不局限于角膜E值，塑形更快，塑形后裸眼视力更好，特别对于中度近视能获得更好的白天视力，从控制近视来看，CRT验配中抬高反转区(RZD)，产生小的中央光学区能产生更大的周边近视性离焦，但两组控制眼轴增长之间无明显差异。两组的角膜损伤少，对近视控制安全性一致。     

Olanzapine monotherapy for acute depression in patients with bipolar I or II disorder: results of an 8‐week open label trial

We evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of olanzapine monotherapy in 20 adult patients with bipolar I or II disorder, depressed phase. Patients received open‐label olanzapine monotherapy (mean modal dose, 15 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Assessments of psychopathology (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology [QIDS‐SR‐16], Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS]), clinical global state (Clinical Global Impressions [CGI] scale), and safety/tolerability were performed at baseline, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Seventeen patients (85.0%) completed the study. Improvement in MADRS total scores was observed after the first week of treatment, and at all remaining follow‐up time points (p ≤ 0.005). Parallel improvement in QIDS‐SR‐16 (p < 0.001) and CGI‐Severity (p < 0.001) was observed between baseline and study endpoint. Nine (45%) subjects achieved positive treatment response, eight of whom (40%) also achieved symptom remission. There were significant increases in weight (+3.2 kg, p = 0.001) and body mass index (+1.1 kg/m², p = 0.001), but not fasting glucose or lipids, with the exception of reduced triglyceride levels in the overall sample, and reduced HDL cholesterol in females. Olanzapine may be an effective, well‐tolerated option for treating acute non‐psychotic depression across a variety of bipolar disorder subtypes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吡喹酮治疗人体华支睾吸虫病的疗效观察

本文用吡喹酮总剂量210mg/kg的3日疗法治疗了203例华支睾吸虫病忠者,治疗后30、60和90天复检患者粪便,发现其虫卵阴转率为97.50～100％。大部分患者自觉症状消失,一般情况明显好转,治疗副作用轻微而短暂。和其它药物的疗效和副作用相比,我们认为吡喹酮应成为治疗华支睾吸虫病的首选药物。通过与其他学者的研究比较,吡喹酮总剂量210mg/kg的3日疗法不亚于同剂量的5日疗法,因而获得满意的疗效。     

Short-and Long-term Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Late-life Depression: A Pilot Study

Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often administered among the elderly, who are particularly likely to have concurrent medical conditions and medication intolerance. Objective : To examine the short‐and long‐term efficacy of ECT for late‐life depression, we performed a two‐phase, prospective, naturalistic follow‐up study that compared treatment outcome in old‐aged with that in middle‐aged subjects. Methods : Phase I study: Twenty‐one subjects who were consecutively referred for ECT, aged at least 50 years, and met the DSM‐IV criteria for a major depressive episode were enrolled. Before ECT, severity of concurrent medical conditions was assessed with the cumulative illness rating scale (CIRS). Before and after a course of ECT, the severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated with the 17‐item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D). Phase II study: Seventeen subjects who responded to an acute ECT course in the phase I study were enrolled. Various continuation medications were administered, and symptoms were monitored and evaluated with the HAM‐D for 24 weeks or until relapse. Results : Overall the subjects had an 81 % short‐term response rate and a 47% relapse rate within 24 weeks after ECT. Response and relapse rates were not significantly different between the middle‐and old‐aged groups (response rates: 91% vs. 70%; relapse rates: 40% vs. 57%). However, the old‐aged patients had higher post‐ECT HAM‐D scores than the middle‐aged patients did (P<0.05), and CIRS scores positively correlated with post‐ECT HAM‐D scores (P<0.05). Relapsers tended to have higher CIRS scores than non‐relapsers did (P=0.06). Conclusion : In late‐life depression, the short‐term response rate to ECT is considerably good, but the relapse rate was relatively high. Clinicians need to take into consideration the age of patient and any concurrent medical conditions, when planning long‐term management of residual depressive symptoms and prevention of relapse after an initial good response to ECT.     

Use of the GTP��S ([35S]GTP��S and Eu-GTP��S) binding assay for analysis of ligand potency and efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors

In this review I consider assays for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity based on the binding of labelled analogues of GTPγS ([³⁵S]GTPγS or Eu-GTPγS) to G proteins in tissues (GTPγS binding assays). Such assays provide convenient measures of GPCR activity close to the receptor in the signalling cascade. In order to set up a GTPγS binding assay, the requirements of the assay must be considered. These are tissue source, GTPγS analogue, G protein, GDP, Mg²⁺/Na⁺ ions, saponin, incubation time. The assay, once optimized, can be used to generate concentration/response curves for GPCRs signalling via G_i/o proteins (or to other G proteins with a modified assay) and actions of agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists may, in principle, be assessed. For agonists and inverse agonists, data for the maximal agonist effect, the concentration of ligand giving a half-maximal response and the Hill coefficient may be derived. For antagonists, data for the equilibrium dissociation constant can be obtained. The mechanistic basis of the assay is considered. Although the assay can be used to profile ligands, under the conditions it is used, it may not be measuring the same event that determines GPCR action in cells.     

保留灌肠影响溃疡性结肠炎疗效的原因分析

目的 探讨保留灌肠对活动期轻中型远段溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者行门诊治疗与住院治疗不同方式影响治疗效果的因素.方法 筛选2008年2月至2009年10月住院治疗UC患者19例,门诊治疗UC患者19例,两组患者于治疗期间采用相同配方不同方式、方法,不同操作人群进行保留灌肠治疗2～4周,每晚一次,第一疗程结束后以腹痛症状是否缓解、大便性状、次数改变评定疗效.结果 门诊组总有效率73.7%,住院组100%,经统计学处理差异具有显著性.结论 前瞻性护理技术安全管理、心理护理、巧用吸痰管配合注射器并控制灌肠液注入速度是提高保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎效果的重要因素,值得医护及患者的重视.     

注射用利培酮微球的作用机制及临床应用

注射用利培酮微球是第一个非典型抗精神病药长效剂型,于2006年进入我国市场。它采用先进的Med isorb(微球体)专利技术,减少了首过效应,提高了生物利用度,减少了吸收和生物代谢的个体差异;其在体内缓慢均匀释放的特性,使患者能保持稳定的稳态血浆药物浓度,即便长期治疗中漏掉1次注射,体内药物也不会突然中断;该药物临床疗效好、不良反应少、安全性高,使患者有较好的依从性,且具有最佳的成本-疗效效益。文中综述了注射用利培酮微球的药动学、药效学、临床疗效、安全性及药物经济学效益的最新研究进展。     

提高高校思想政治理论课实效性的必要性

当代大学生的思想政治教育工作倍受党中央、国务院的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注。作为主渠道的思想政治理论课只有从教学观念、教学内容、教学方式、教学手段等四个方面加以改进和创新,才能不断增强授课的针对性和实效性。     

伊贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压临床疗效

目的 :观察伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者降压的疗效及安全性。方法 :采用自身对照开放试验 ,选取 40例原发性高血压患者 ,服用伊贝沙坦 15 0mg·d-1,如 4wk无效加至 30 0mg·d-1,至 8wk。每 2wk随访BP ,HR ,并记录不良反应。结果 :经 8wk治疗 ,伊贝沙坦降压总有效率达 95 % ,平均SBP由 (146 3± 14 7)mmHg降至 (130 9± 11 0 )mmHg ,DBP由 (94 6± 15 2 )mmHg降至 (79 3± 6 8)mmHg ,P <0 0 5。整个治疗期间无明显不良反应发生。结论 :伊贝沙坦是一个安全、有效的降压药物