针刺联合中药治疗急性具有激素使用禁忌症的周围性面瘫的疗效观察

目的:观察针刺联合中药治疗急性具有激素使用禁忌症的周围性面瘫患者的疗效。方法:根据中医辨病辨证理论,选取风热阻络面瘫患者为观察对象,其中选取32例急性具有激素使用禁忌症的周围性面瘫患者作为治疗组,选取无激素禁忌症的30例急性周围性面瘫患者为对照组,两组在内科常规治疗基础上,治疗组采用针刺联合牵正散合龙胆泻肝汤加减治疗,对照组选用激素治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率84.4%,对照组86.7%,P0.05,无显著性差异。结论:针刺联合中药治疗急性具有激素使用禁忌症的周围性面瘫临床疗效显著。     

Liver transplantation in Italy: current status

The first liver transplant in Italy was performed in 1982. With the improvement in results, the number of patients followed, in recent years, has substantially increased in all centres. In parallel, the indications for liver transplantation have expanded and have raised the need for more organized structures where patients can be referred for evaluation and transplantation. Indications and contraindications to liver transplantation in Italy, the role of retransplantation, paediatric liver transplantation, waiting list management, liver transplantation outside Italy and the new Italian laws on organ donation are discussed. The multidisciplinary Study Group on Liver Transplantation of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) has collected information from all the Italian centres to ascertain the degree of consistency in their methods.     

俯卧位通气病人护理新进展

介绍了俯卧位通气的适应证、禁忌证,俯卧位保持时间、变换卧位方法,俯卧位期间气管导管管理、压疮预防、神经损伤预防、营养支持、镇静、急救护理新进展。     

CT Colonography: an update on current and future indications

Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a minimally invasive, patient-friendly, safe and robust colonic imaging modality. The technique is standardized and consolidated evidence from the literature shows that the diagnostic performances for the detection of colorectal cancer and large polyps are similar to colonoscopy (CS) and largely superior to alternative radiological exams, like barium enema. A clear understanding of the exact role of CTC will be beneficial to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential sources of frustration or disappointment for both referring clinicians and patients. Incomplete, failed, or unfeasible CS; investigation of elderly, and frail patients and assessment of diverticular disease are major indications supported by evidence-based data and agreed by the endoscopists. The use of CTC for symptomatic patients, colorectal cancer screening and colonic surveillance is still under debate and, thus, recommended only if CS is unfeasible or refused by patients.     

Practicability and limitations of enhanced external counterpulsation as an additional treatment for angina

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of clinical studies indicates reduction of angina and myocardial ischemia by enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy. However, given the wide range of contraindications and the long duration of treatment, eligibility and practicality issues have not been addressed systematically. HYPOTHESIS: Of all candidates for EECP (patients with drug-refractory angina without possibility of revascularization), the majority either have contraindications or have practical problems complying with the time demands that this therapy imposes. In the rest, EECP leads to satisfactory results. METHODS: During 18 months, every consecutive patient with angina despite medical and interventional therapy was evaluated for EECP at one center. Treated patients underwent a bicycle exercise test and perfusion imaging before and after the standard course of 35 h of EECP. In addition, patients were asked about frequency of angina and nitroglycerin usage before and after EECP, and all patients filled out a final questionnaire 1 year after the end of therapy. RESULTS: Overall, 48 patients were considered candidates for EECP. Of these, 24 were excluded for medical reasons: poor ejection fraction (4), peripheral artery disease (4), anticoagulation (4), and atrial fibrillation (3). Eight further patients declined EECP for lack of time or accommodation. Another 3 of the 16 remaining patients dropped out because of side effects. In the 13 patients who finished the treatment course, weekly anginal episodes were reduced by 48% (p < 0.05), on-demand nitroglycerin puffs were reduced by 51% (p < 0.05), work capacity was improved by 22% (p < 0.05), and the number of reversible perfusion defects in perfusion scans decreased nonsignificantly (-28%). However, 4 of 13 treated patients determined 1 year later that the detriment of loss of time exceeded the benefits of EECP. CONCLUSION: Similar to previous reports, our study confirms the reduction of angina and improvement of work capacity after EECP. However, using established contraindications, approximately two-thirds of patients considered to be candidates had to be excluded, and one-third of the treated patients regarded EECP therapy retrospectively as too time consuming.     

虫类药治疗类风湿关节炎的临床要旨

[目的] 总结使用虫类药治疗类风湿关节炎的临床要旨。[方法] 通过查阅并梳理虫类药治疗类风湿关节炎的文献资料,整理出相关理论基础、临床使用关键点及使用注意事项,并列举医案一则予以佐证。 [结果] 类风湿关节炎病机复杂,属于中医痹病范畴,且痹病必挟瘀,瘀既是主要的发病因素,又作为主要的病理因素贯穿于疾病始终。虫类药长于治风,有搜风通络、解毒止痛之功,其效宏力专,可用于治疗痹病、历节。临床治疗类风湿关节炎时,无论病程新久,皆可使用虫类药,同时要注意抓住主症,随证加减,但使用虫类药时在煎服法和用量上都有注意事项,尤其要注意长期应用的不良反应或使用虫类药过敏等问题。所举医案患者有10余年类风湿关节炎病史,素体阳虚,又感受寒邪,出现关节疼痛加剧,治以温经通络、蠲痹止痛。根据痹病必挟瘀的原则,处方中用水蛭搜剔络邪、活血祛瘀、推陈致新,同用温经通络等药物,取得较好疗效。[结论] 临床上使用虫类药治疗类风湿关节炎,抓住主症辨证使用,并掌握注意事项,可增加类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。