碘与海藻玉壶汤对碘缺乏致甲状腺肿干预机制的比较研究

目的:从抗氧化应激角度比较碘与海藻玉壶汤对碘缺乏甲状腺肿的干预机制。方法:选4周龄Wist-ar大鼠,制成碘缺乏动物甲状腺肿模型。随机分成4组:除正常对照组(NC)饲正常饲料外,其余组饲以低碘饲料。NC组和模型对照组(MC)每日灌服等体积双蒸水。单纯高碘组(PHI)灌服含碘1900μg/L的高碘水,海藻玉壶汤(HZ)每日灌服按与人相同体表面积折算的海藻玉壶汤。在给予处理因素3周和11周后处死大鼠。采用生化方法测定大鼠血清内谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力,以及丙二醛(MDA)及过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量。采用免疫组化方法检测甲状腺中4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)的表达。采用Western印迹及免疫组化技术对过氧化物氧化还原酶5(PRDX5)在大鼠甲状腺的表达及分布进行了分析。结果:用药11周后,HZ组SOD活力呈现上升趋势,明显高于NC组和PHI组(P0.05或P0.001)。HZ组11周较3周时GSH-PX活性有所增加。11周时PHI组H2O2含量明显高于NC组,并且MDA含量明显高于其他组(均P0.05)。11周时XOD活性PHI组和HZ组均明显高于NC组和MC组(P0.001或P0.01)。甲状腺4-HEN表达PHI组明显高于MC组(P0.05),HZ组明显低于NC组和PHI组(P0.05)。甲状腺PRDX5表达免疫组化和Western blot结果均显示HZ组较NC和PHI组显著增高(P0.05)。结论:海藻玉壶汤通过抗氧化应激,可使甲状腺肿恢复更完全,并未造成甲状腺细胞的损伤。     

Heterogeneous iodine-organic chemistry fast-tracks marine new particle formation

The gas-phase formation of new particles less than 1 nm in size and their subsequent growth significantly alters the availability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN, >30–50 nm), leading to impacts on cloud reflectance and the global radiative budget. However, this growth cannot be accounted for by condensation of typical species driving the initial nucleation. Here, we present evidence that nucleated iodine oxide clusters provide unique sites for the accelerated growth of organic vapors to overcome the coagulation sink. Heterogeneous reactions form low-volatility organic acids and alkylaminium salts in the particle phase, while further oligomerization of small α-dicarbonyls (e.g., glyoxal) drives the particle growth. This identified heterogeneous mechanism explains the occurrence of particle production events at organic vapor concentrations almost an order of magnitude lower than those required for growth via condensation alone. A notable fraction of iodine associated with these growing particles is recycled back into the gas phase, suggesting an effective transport mechanism for iodine to remote regions, acting as a “catalyst” for nucleation and subsequent new particle production in marine air.

Marine aerosol formation contributes significantly to the global radiative budget given the high susceptibility of marine stratiform cloud radiative properties to changes in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) availability. Atmospheric new-particle-formation is thought to involve nucleation of sulfuric acid with water, ammonia, or amines followed by condensation/growth in the presence of organic vapors (1, 2). Unique in the marine boundary layer (MBL), new particle formation involves sequential addition of HIO₃ or clustering of iodine oxides (I_xO_y) (3, 4). In specific source regions such as coastal zones, seaweed beds, or snowpack/pack-ice, iodine oxide nucleation can be a driving force for nucleation (5–7). Over Arctic waters, nonetheless, one study finds insufficient iodic acid vapors to grow nucleated particles to CCN sizes (8), whereas another study finds that both nucleation and growth are almost exclusively driven by iodic acid (9). Over the open ocean, the supply of iodine oxides has been thought to be limited; however, recent measurements suggest that significant reactive iodine chemistry can occur in these regions (10). Moreover, observational evidence exists for open ocean particle formation and growth, especially when oceanic productivity is high (11, 12). An increase in atmospheric iodine levels in the North Atlantic since the mid-20th century has been shown to be driven by growth of anthropogenic ozone and enhanced subice phytoplankton production (13). While the reported IO concentration (0.4–3.1 ppt) in the remote MBL (10, 14, 15) is likely sufficient for formation of prenucleation clusters (∼1 nm), growth of these initial clusters requires the presence of other condensable vapors (16). Since preexisting aerosol particles act as a strong sink for the nucleated clusters, thus inhibiting atmospheric aerosol and CCN formation (17, 18), this early growth phase is essential for their survival. Whereas sulfuric acid vapor is also involved in nucleation, its level in remote open ocean is generally too low (10⁵ molecules cm⁻³) to support subsequent particle growth, leaving organic vapors as the most plausible alternative for particle growth.In the marine atmosphere, condensing organics must originate from the oxidation of marine volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which predominantly comprise C₁–C₅ VOCs (e.g., isoprene) released from phytoplankton. Principal high volatility oxidation products consist of intermediate oxidized organics (IOOs), such as polyhydric alcohols (e.g., tetrols) or polyfunctional carbonyls (e.g., glyoxal) (19–22). Nonetheless, growth of available prenucleation clusters/nanometer particles requires condensing organic molecules of low effective volatilities (i.e., saturation mass concentration, C* < ∼10⁻³ μg m⁻³); otherwise, preferential condensation of the organic mass to larger-diameter particles would occur (23, 24). Formation of such extremely low-volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) from gas-phase reaction is well established for monoterpene oxidation products (25, 26).A potential pathway for formation of low-volatility organics could also result from particle-phase chemical reactions induced by iodine oxides in the early stages of marine particle formation. When the underlying chemistry is sufficiently fast, kinetic condensation occurs, resulting in particles with diameters smaller than about 50 nm growing at the same rate (e.g., nm h⁻¹) (24). If, however, particle-phase chemistry is preferentially favored in the smallest particles (i.e., stemming from the higher relative concentration of iodine oxides in freshly formed marine particles), growth of the nucleated particles could proceed more rapidly, as compared to that in which gas-phase chemistry is the source of the low-volatility compounds (23).In this paper, we present experimental results from field measurements as well as laboratory studies of nanometer particle growth and derive a plausible chemical mechanism from the results that can explain the observations of ultrafine particle growth in the marine atmosphere. The results suggest that both iodine and condensed organics contribute to particle growth from a nascent nucleation mode into an ultrafine particle mode. Moreover, laboratory studies of the growth of seed iodine oxide particles (IOP) via heterogeneous reactions with organic vapors suggest a hitherto unrecognized mechanism that fast-tracks the growth of nucleation mode clusters into survivable aerosol particles. In this process, a notable fraction of the iodine associated with these growing particles is recycled back to the gas phase, suggesting a transport mechanism for iodine to remote regions.     

58例非离子型碘造影剂不良反应报告分析

目的：调查非离子型碘造影剂的不良反应,探讨其安全性。方法：收集院内2009～2012年医师、护士、药师自发呈报的所有非离子型碘造影剂ADR报告并进行统计分析。结果：共收到ADR报告58份,其中轻度反应28例,中度反应26例,重度反应4例,无死亡病例,过敏反应构成比最高,出现时间均在30 min内。结论：我院使用非离子型碘造影剂较安全,得益于用药前预防和准备,用药时密切观察,出现不良反应时及时正确救治。     

中国药典2015年版颠茄酊中东莨菪内酯含量测定及特征图谱分析

目的 建立颠茄酊的HPLC特征图谱及东莨菪内酯的含量测定方法。方法 采用Welch XB-C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸,梯度洗脱,流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温：30 ℃;检测波长：344 nm。结果 建立了颠茄酊HPLC特征图谱,确定了6个共有峰,指认了其中3个共有峰的成分分别为山柰素-3-O-半乳糖-(6→1)鼠李糖-7-O-葡萄糖苷、东莨菪内酯和芦丁。东莨菪内酯进样量在11.18~670.5 ng(r=1.000 0)内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为104.2%。结论 特征图谱结合东莨菪内酯的定量测定,能更好地控制颠茄酊的质量。     

元安浓缩丸治疗冠山病稳定型心绞痛瘀热互结证的临床研究

目的：探讨元安浓缩丸治疗稳定型心绞痛（瘀热互结证）患者的临床疗效及其治疗冠心病心绞痛的作用机制。方法：采用随机对照的临床研究方法,以复方丹参滴丸为对照组,观察服药前后心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、疼痛程度、中医证候疗效、心电图、血脂以及左室功能的情况。结果：治疗组较对照组能显著缓解心绞痛症状,改善中医证候,提高硝酸甘油减停率,改善心电图,降低血脂及改善左室功能（P〈0．05）。结论：元安浓缩丸是治疗稳定型心绞痛瘀热互结证的有效方药。     

维拉帕米增强猴肾上皮细胞低密度脂蛋白受体活性

本文用放射配体法观察了维拉帕米(Ver)对恒河猴肾上皮细胞LDL受体活性的影响,发现Ver以浓度和时间依赖的方式明显增强受体介导的结合和内移过程,对降解的影响不显著。Ver作用浓度为44 mmol·L~(-1)效应最明显。     

卵磷脂络合碘与复方血栓通胶囊在玻璃体混浊治疗中的疗效评价

目的:观察卵磷脂络合碘与复方血栓通胶囊在治疗不同病程玻璃体混浊时的疗效及其对比。方法:发病时间不等的玻璃体混浊患者随机分配接受卵磷脂络合碘或复方血栓通胶囊治疗。治疗前及治疗30,60d后分别行裂隙灯、眼底镜等检查,观察玻璃体混浊情况和视力变化,并评定混浊等级。结果:治疗30d后,新发组和短期组血栓通胶囊治疗有效率均显著低于卵磷脂络合碘治疗组(P<0.05);治疗60d后,陈旧组经血栓通治疗有效率显著高于卵磷脂络合碘治疗组(P<0.05),且各组总有效率均显著高于治疗30d的有效率(P<0.05)。长期组、陈旧组与新发组相比,经两种药物治疗后的总有效率均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:卵磷脂络合碘对发病时间较短的玻璃体混浊治疗效果优于复方血栓通胶囊,而复方血栓通胶囊治疗慢性陈旧性玻璃体混浊效果理想。对玻璃体混浊一经诊断尽早施治,并适当延长治疗时间,有助于提高治疗效果。     

聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的临床研究

目的:观察聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的94例患者随机分两组,治疗组清洁局部后将聚维酮碘乳膏涂敷于患处,bid。对照组予派瑞松霜按照药品说明书使用。两组均疗程3周。对痊愈者随访半年。结果:临床治愈率治疗组64.44%,两组比较U=2.883,P<0.01;有效率治疗组93.33%,两组比较X2=7.866,P<0.01;真菌清除率治疗组94.77%,两组比较X2=0.679,P=0.372;不良反应率治疗组4.44%,两组比较X2=4.0226,P=0.0432;随访半年痊愈者复发率治疗组6.89%(2/29),两组比较X2=3.9455,P=0.0421。结论:聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣安全有效。     

碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌的最新研究进展

近年来,作为最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,甲状腺癌的发病率曲线明显上升。分化型甲状腺癌经过手术、¹³¹I放疗及促甲状腺激素抑制等治疗后,大多数患者总体预后良好。但仍有少部分患者对放射性碘治疗不敏感且有1个或多个癌基因的突变,则成为病情进展快、死亡率高的碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌。应用上述的传统治疗手段难以取得满意疗效,本文综述了碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌的诊断及治疗进展,为尽早识别及早期进行靶向治疗等争取必要的时间。     

马黄酊复方提取物凝胶的制备与抗炎活性

目的:制备马黄酊复方提取物凝胶并研究其抗炎活性。方法:利用减压干燥法制备马黄酊复方提取物;分别取0.5%、1.0%、1.5%用量的卡波姆来制备凝胶基质,以确定具有最佳涂布性能的凝胶基质中卡波姆的用量;将马黄酊复方提取物、尼泊金甲酯等加入空白凝胶基质中,搅拌均匀,制备复方凝胶剂;以耳肿胀和足跖肿胀试验初步测定马黄酊凝胶的抗炎活性。结果:通过观察凝胶均匀性、细腻度、黏稠度、舒适度等,发现质量百分比浓度1%卡波姆空白凝胶较为适宜作为凝胶基质,制备的马黄酊复方提取物凝胶外观颜色均匀,涂布性能良好;5%与10%马黄酊复方提取物凝胶显示出较好的抗炎活性。结论:马黄酊复方提取物凝胶处方和制备工艺可行,质量稳定,具有较好的抗炎活性。