量化分级模式在呼吸内科风险管理中的应用评价

目的研究量化分级模式在呼吸内科护理工作中的应用效果。方法回顾性整理该院中2016年6月-2017年12月间呼吸内科收治的患者临床数据,随机挑选出100例患者进行实验,选择2016年6月-2017年4月间的50例患者作为对照组,2017年5-12月的50例患者作为实验组,从2017年5月开始实施量化分级模式,对两组患者对护理人员的护理质量评分进行对比。结果该次研究成果显示,对照组患者的护理质量评分低于实验组,实验组护理人员在与患者沟通时,其服务态度优于对照组,并且在执行各项护理操作流程时,流程评分较对照组同时也更高,各数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在呼吸内科的日常护理中应用量化分级模式,有助于减少护理风险事件发生率,护理质量也能得到提升,改善护患之间的关系,具有良好的应用价值。     

Integrating gene expression profiling into NCCN high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma management recommendations: impact on patient management

Abstract

Objective: To integrate gene expression profiling into the management of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines to improve risk-aligned management recommendations.

Methods: A cohort of 300 NCCN-defined high-risk cSCC patients, along with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) T stage, and known patient outcomes were analyzed. Risk classifications using a validated 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test and T stage were applied to NCCN patient management guidelines. Risk-directed patient management recommendations within the NCCN guidelines framework were aligned based on risk for metastasis.

Results: Of the 300 NCCN high-risk cSCC patients, 159 (53.0%) were 40-GEP Class 1 and AJCC T1-T2, and 173 (57.7%) were Class 1 and BWH T1-2a, indicating low risk for metastasis and, thereby, suggesting low management intensity. The 40-GEP integration suggested high intensity management for only 24 (8.0%) patients (all Class 2B), and moderate intensity management for the remainder of the cohort.

Conclusions: The 40-GEP test can be integrated within existing NCCN guideline recommendations for managing cSCC patients to help refine risk-directed management decisions. Integration of the 40-GEP test would allow >50% of this NCCN-defined high-risk cohort to be managed with the lowest intensity recommendations within the broad NCCN guidelines. High intensity management was deemed risk-appropriate for a small subpopulation (8.0%). This study demonstrates that the 40-GEP test, in combination with T stage, has clinical utility to impact patient management decisions in NCCN high-risk cSCC for improving risk-aligned management within the NCCN guidelines framework.     

The changing role of the pathologist in the management of Barrett's oesophagus

Pathological specimens from columnar‐lined oesophagus (CLO) comprise a considerable proportion of the workload of gastrointestinal pathologists in Western countries. There remain controversies concerning the diagnostic role of pathology. More recently, in the UK at least, the diagnosis has been regarded as primarily an endoscopic endeavour, with pathology being corroborative and only diagnostic when endoscopic features are equivocal or when there are additional features that make the endoscopic diagnosis unclear. There is also recognition that demonstration of intestinalisation or ‘goblet cells’ is not paramount, and should not be required for the diagnosis. There have been notable changes in the management of CLO neoplasia: pathologists are centrally involved in its management. Pathological assessment of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens provides the most useful means of determining the management of early neoplasia and of determining indications for surgery. This represents an extraordinarily rapid change in management, in that, <10 years ago, laborious Seattle‐type biopsy protocols were recommended, and high grade dysplasia was an indication for resectional surgery. Now, individual patient management is paramount: multi‐professional meetings determine management after biopsy and EMR assessment. One significant change is that major resections are undertaken less often, in Western countries, for CLO neoplasia.     

A Web-Based Survey of Oculoplastic Surgeons Regarding the Management of Lower Lid Retraction

Purpose: To survey the opinion of oculoplastic surgeons on the assessment and management of lower eyelid retraction (LLR).

Methods: A web-based survey queried oculoplastic surgeon members of Ojoplast, Spanish and Brazilian Oculoplastic Societies on the management of LLR. The frequency and percentage proportions of the responses were analyzed.

Results: One hundred ninety-six oculoplastic surgeons participated in the survey. The main cause of LLR is post-blepharoplasty (62;31.6%). The most used sign to detect LLR is scleral show. The most common approaches to managing LLR are lateral canthal surgery (164/593;27.6%), autogenous spacers (148/593; 24.9%) and retractor release (131/593;22.1%). The preferred autogenous graft material includes ear cartilage (102/260;39.2%). The majority of surgeons (161/314; 51.3%) recommend massage or steroids injection (80/314;25.5%) for early post-blepharoplasty LLR, while, 54.1% (106/196) of participants suggested waiting for at least six months prior to surgical intervention. Frost suture is used after most LLR surgeries (154/196;91.1%). Incomplete correction is the main complication (111/310;35.8%) of LLR surgery. For mild LLR, 48% of the responders prefer clinical treatment; conversely, severe cases routinely require combined surgical techniques.

Conclusions: Oculoplastic surgeons frequently diagnose LLR based on scleral show. LLR management depends on the cause and severity of lid retraction. Mild cases, in general, receive clinical treatment and severe cases need a combination of surgical techniques and grafts.     

Femoral Stem Survivorship in Dorr Type A Femurs After Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Cementless Tapered Wedge Stem: A Matched Comparative Study With Type B Femurs

Background

There is a lack of understanding on relationship between the femoral geometry and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated clinical and radiographic outcomes of THA using a cementless tapered wedge stem in patients with Dorr type A proximal femoral morphology and compared with those of type B femurs at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

日本《胃癌治疗指南》的变更与胃癌治疗新动向

日本《胃癌治疗指南》（以下简称指南）目前已成为胃癌临床治疗的重要指导性文件，其每次更新均成为全球胃癌领域的重大事件，备受瞩目。2018年第5版指南发行，2019年2月在日本静冈召开的“第91届日本胃癌学会年会”再度对相关内容进行了严谨而深刻的讨论，提出了新的修改意见。随着新的循证医学证据的出现，指南也在不断更新，胃癌的治疗方式也不断与时俱进。     

A nationwide surveillance of surgical site infection after mid-urethral slings in Japan

We performed a questionnaire-based, retrospective, nationwide survey on perioperative management and antimicrobial prophylaxis for mid-urethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence in Japan to realize the clinical practice and risk factors for SSI.Records of women receiving transobturator tape (TOT) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) surgeries from 2010 to 2012 were obtained from hospitals belonging to the Japanese Society of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery. The questionnaire addressed hospital volume, perioperative management, and SSI. Risk factors for SSI were investigated by comparing cases with and without SSI.The data from 97 hospitals and a total 1627 TOT and 1045 TVT surgeries were analyzed. Mean case volumes of TOT and TVT surgeries were 7.3 ± 14.9 and 7.1 ± 17.8 cases per year, respectively. Preoperative hair removal, bowel preparation, and urine culture were routinely performed at 44 (45.3%), 31 (32.0%), and 22 (22.7%) hospitals, respectively. First-generation (51.5%) or second-generation (34.0%) cephalosporin was mostly used for antimicrobial prophylaxis. SSI was reported only in 6 patients (0.22%) and none of them developed abscesses. None of the factors we could evaluate from the questionnaire were found to be significantly associated with SSI.SSI after mid-urethral slings rarely occurred in Japan (0.22%) and no parameters about perioperative managements significantly increased SSI. However, further studies with more detail information of each patient and operation are required to confirm their appropriate perioperative managements for mid-urethral slings.     

护理安全管理模式应用于介入治疗中的临床观察

目的探讨护理安全管理模式在介入治疗中的应用效果。方法通过对我院介入室的护理安全隐患进行分析,并针对性开展护理安全管理模式。选取2013年8月~12月130例介入患者作为对照组,采用常规护理。选取2014年1月~4月开展安全管理后130例介入患者作为研究组,在常规护理的基础上实施护理安全管理。比较两组护理质量及患者满意度。结果两组护理干预后护理质量评分比较,有显著性差异(P0.01)。研究组患者对护理人员的满意度高于对照组(94.6%vs80.7%),有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论通过实施护理安全管理后,能及早解决护理安全隐患,做到防微杜渐,使护理质量及患者满意度明显提高。