静脉滴注硫酸奈替米星致过敏性喉水肿1例

某例患者,女,25岁,因发热、尿频、尿痛在我院门诊就诊,检查尿常规提示：WBC3＋,诊断为“尿路感染”。用0．9％氯化钠250mL加硫酸奈替米星0．2g（商品名：益天星,0．2g·支,批号：070622,江苏四环生物服务有限公司）。当患者输注约10min后,患者感咽喉堵塞感,刺激性咳嗽,声音嘶哑,出现全身无力,胸闷,头晕,立刻停止输液,平卧,     

反相离子对色谱法同时测定复方岩白菜素片中岩白菜素和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立反相离子对色谱法测定复方岩白菜素片中岩白菜素和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法采用反相离子对色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent zorbax C8;以0．05mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠（含4mmol·L^-1庚烷磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH至3．0）-乙腈（7：3,v／v）为流动相;流速为1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长：208nm;柱温：26℃。结果岩白菜素在浓度为0．125～0．375mg·mL^-1时呈线性关系,平均回收率为99．88％,RSD为0．44％;马来酸氯苯那敏在浓度为0．002～0．006mg·mL^-1时呈线性关系,平均回收率为99．29％,RSD为0．51%。结论该法简便、可靠、准确,适合于复方岩白菜素片中岩白菜素和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的测定。     

咳特灵胶囊中扑尔敏的一阶导数光谱测定

采用一阶导数光谱法测定咳特灵胶囊中扑尔敏的含量，平均回收率１００．３％，ＲＳＤ０．５６％，方法简便，结果准确。     

氯苯那敏片治疗稳定期呼吸衰竭合并失眠症患者的临床疗效与安全性评价

目的观察氯苯那敏片治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭合并失眠症患者的疗效和安全性。方法稳定期COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭并失眠症患者81例,随机分为实验组(40例),对照组(41例)。实验组给予氯苯那敏片4mg口服,1次/日;对照组给予安慰剂1片口服1次/日,两组疗程均为15d,治疗前及治疗后4、8、15d后采用睡眠障碍量表(SDRS)、不良反应量表(TESS)评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果实验组治疗后第15天时SDRS评分较基线有明显下降(t=1.98,P<0.05),对照组治疗结束时SDRS评分较基线无明显下降(t=0.69,P>0.05),实验组和对照组显效率分别为57.50%、26.83%。两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.82,P<0.05),不良反应的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.14,P>0.05)。结论氯苯那敏片对稳定期COPD呼吸衰竭并失眠症患者是一种相对安全有效的催眠药。     

酚麻美敏口腔崩解片中四组分的体外溶出速率的实验研究

目的研究酚麻美敏口腔崩解片中四组分的体外溶出速率的方法。方法选用小杯法,溶剂为水,对乙酰氨基酚的溶出量采用分光光度法测定;氢溴酸右美沙芬、马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸伪麻黄碱的溶出量采用高效液相色谱法同时测定。结果浓度依次为对乙酰氨基酚2.0~20.0μg.mL-1,氢溴酸右美沙芬5.203~26.02μg.mL-1,马来酸氯苯那敏0.982~4.910μg.mL-1,盐酸伪麻黄碱14.94~74.70μg.mL-1范围内与各自的峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r分别为0.999 9,0.999 9,0.999 8,0.999 9。平均回收率依次为对乙酰氨基酚98.4%,RSD为0.84%;氢溴酸右美沙芬100.2%,RSD为1.02%;马来酸氯苯那敏99.4%,RSD为1.82%;盐酸伪麻黄碱97.8%,RSD为1.05%。该药3批样品10 min溶出量均在90%以上。结论本方法用于酚麻美敏口腔崩解片中四组分的溶出度测定切实可行。     

HPLC法同时测定感冒清胶囊中3组分的含量

目的建立同时测定感冒清胶囊中盐酸吗啉胍、对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法,选用IntersilODS-3柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以0.05 mol.L-1三乙胺(用磷酸调pH至3.0)-甲醇(62∶38)为流动相,检测波长220 nm。结果盐酸吗啉胍、对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.97~3.88μg(r=0.999 9)、0.99~3.98μg(r=0.9999)、0.044~0.177μg(r=0.999 9)范围内有良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别是99.5%、99.9%、101.2%。结论所用方法准确、简便,专属性强可控制感冒清胶囊的质量。     

酚氨咖敏颗粒含量测定方法的改进

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定酚氨咖敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、氨基比林的含量。方法：色谱柱：Kromasil C18（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;流动相：1％醋酸溶液（用三乙胺调pH为3．5）-甲醇-乙腈（65：10：25）;流速：1．0ml·min^-1;检测波长：273nm;柱温：30℃。结果：对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为12．3～123．2μg·ml^-1（r=0．9996）,平均回收率为98．65％,R．如为0．31％（n=5）;咖啡因的线性范围为2．44～24．42μg·ml^-1（r=0．9998）,平均回收率为99．15％,RSD为0．15％（n：5）;氨基比林的线性范围为8．23～82．34μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）,平均回收率为98．40％,RSD为0．39％（n=5）。结论：方法简单可行,可用于酚氨咖敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、氨基比林的含量测定。     

Dextromethorphan, chlorphenamine and serotonin toxicity: case report and systematic literature review

The aim of this review was to describe a patient with serotonin toxicity after an overdose of dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine and to perform a systematic literature review exploring whether dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine may be equally contributory in the development of serotonin toxicity in overdose. A Medline literature review was undertaken to identify cases of serotonin toxicity due to dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine. Case reports were included if they included information on the ingested dose or plasma concentrations of dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine, information about co-ingestions and detailed clinical information to evaluate for serotonin toxicity. Cases were reviewed by two toxicologists and serotonin toxicity, defined by the Hunter criteria, was diagnosed when appropriate. The literature was then reviewed to evaluate whether chlorphenamine may be a serotonergic agent. One hundred and fifty-five articles of dextromethorphan or chlorphenamine poisoning were identified. There were 23 case reports of dextromethorphan, of which 18 were excluded for lack of serotonin toxicity. No cases were identified in which serotonin toxicity could be solely attributed to chlorphenamine. This left six cases of dextrometorphane and/or chlorphenamine overdose, including our own, in which serotonin toxicity could be diagnosed based on the presented clinical information. In three of the six eligible cases dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine were the only overdosed drugs. There is substantial evidence from the literature that chlorphenamine is a similarly potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor when compared with dextrometorphan. Chlorphenamine is a serotonergic medication and combinations of chlorphenamine and dextromethorphan may be dangerous in overdose due to an increased risk of serotonin toxicity.     

UPLC法测定小儿氨咖黄敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的使用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法建立测定小儿氨咖黄敏颗粒中3种西药成分含量的方法。方法色谱柱为Acquity UPLC~BEH C18柱(7.5cm×0.21cm,1.7μm);柱温为35℃;流动相为0.03mol·L-1磷酸氢二铵溶液-乙腈(88∶12);检测波长为214nm。结果线性范围为:对乙酰氨基酚0.149~1.489μg,r=0.999 8;咖啡因0.010~0.101μg,r=0.999 4;马来酸氯苯那敏0.005~0.082μg,r=0.999 9。平均回收率:对乙酰氨基酚99.3%,RSD=0.42%;咖啡因98.8%,RSD=0.50%;马来酸氯苯那敏99.5%,RSD=0.78%。结论相对于现行药品执行标准中的含量测定方法,UPLC法测定3种西药含量更准确、方便,可较好地控制小儿氨咖黄敏颗粒的质量。     

氨咖黄敏胶囊薄层色谱鉴别方法的改进

目的改进氨咖黄敏胶囊薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法采用TLC法对氨咖黄敏胶囊进行鉴别试验。结果TLC法同时检出了氨咖黄敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏3种成分。结论改进后的方法简便、灵敏、可行,分离效果好。