甲壳质对氧自由基致人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

在培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞中观察了不同剂量的甲壳质对氧自由基损伤的内皮细胞培养上清液中丙二醛和乳酸脱氢酶含量的影响。结果表明,与损伤对照组相比,甲壳质保护组培养上清液中丙二醛和乳酸脱氢酶的含量均显著下降。提示甲壳质对氧自由基损伤的内皮细胞有一定的保护作用。     

甲壳素在中药片剂中的崩解性能考察

本文以甲壳素为崩解剂制备肝炎宁和穿心莲浸膏片，并与以淀粉、羧甲淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素及微晶纤维素为崩解剂的片剂进行比较．结果表明：甲壳素的崩解性能优于上述４种崩解剂．     

甲壳胺的结晶度和结晶形态

首次制得非晶甲壳胺样品,并给出了根据X射线衍射图精确计算甲壳胺结晶度的公式,计算得知甲壳胺的结晶度随脱酰度的增加(74%～85%)而增加,发现甲壳胺的结晶结构和结晶形态与制样条件有关。     

Synthetic immunoadjuvants: application to non-specific host stimulation and potentiation of vaccine immunogenicity

It is well recognized that immunoadjuvants mainly play two roles; non-specific stimulation of host resistance against infections and cancer, and the potentiation of vaccine immunogenicity. This article reviews the recent results of the development of synthetic immunoadjuvants in our laboratory with special reference to muramyldipeptide (MDP), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), lipid A, chitin and their related compounds. The usefulness of MDP derivative MDP-Lys(L18), which has recently gone on the market as a haematopoietic agent for restoration of leukopenia in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is reviewed. The various approaches to application of synthetic immunoadjuvants to the potentiation of vaccine immunogenicity, including adjuvant formulation, are also discussed.     

几丁糖预防术后肠粘连疗效观察

[目的]观察几丁糖预防术后肠粘连的临床效果.[方法]243例胃肠道恶性肿瘤手术患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组.治疗组121例应用几丁糖预防术后肠粘连,对照组122例术后直接关腹.[结果]治疗组6例(4.96%)发生粘连性肠梗阻,对照组25例(20.49%)发生,差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组分别有8例和12例本院再手...     

小儿健脾合剂澄清工艺研究

目的:考察甲壳素对小儿健脾合剂水提取液澄清效果。方法:采用L9(34)正交试验法优选最佳澄清工艺条件并检测自然沉降法、醇沉淀法和甲壳素澄清法后小儿健脾合剂的相对密度,总固体物质量分数。结果:最佳澄清工艺条件为(A3B2C1):清膏温度50℃,1%甲壳素盐酸溶液用量为3%,搅拌时间25min。甲壳素澄清法澄清前后相对密度、总固体物质量分数优于自然沉降法和乙醇沉淀法。结论:甲壳素澄清法工艺简单、澄清效果满意,适用于小儿健脾合剂的澄清。     

Ultraviolet light‐irradiated photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel to prevent bone formation in both rat skull and fibula bone defects

In the field of orthopaedic surgery, an orthopaedic surgeon sometimes requires to suppress excessive bone formation, such as ectopic bone formation, ossifying myositis and radio‐ulnar synostosis, etc. Ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation of a photocrosslinkable chitosan (Az–CH–LA) generates an insoluble hydrogel within 30 s. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the photocrosslinked chitosan hydrogel (PCH) to inhibit bone formation in an experimental model of bone defect. Rat calvarium and fibula were surgically injured and PCH was implanted into the resultant bone defects. The PCH implants significantly prevented bone formation in the bone defects during the 4 and 8 week observation periods. In the PCH‐treated defects, fibrous tissues infiltrated by inflammatory cells were formed by day 7, completely filling the bone defects. In addition to these findings, expression of osteocalcin and runt‐related gene 2 (RUNX2) mRNA, both markers of bone formation, was lower in the PCH‐treated defects than in the controls. In contrast, collagen type 1α2 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) mRNA levels were significantly higher in the PCH‐treated defects after 1 week. PCH stimulated the formation of fibrous tissue in bone defects while inhibiting bone formation. Thus, PCH might be a promising new therapeutic biomaterial for the prevention of bone formation in orthopaedic surgery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cell wall active antifungal agents

The recent American approval of Cancidas^?, a semi-synthetic echinocandin, for salvage treatment of aspergillosis has demonstrated that the cell wall is a clinically viable target for treating fungal infections. Recently, a variety of new, sulfated members of the echinocandin lipopeptide family have been reported, which, like other echinocandins, are glucan synthesis inhibitors. In addition, two new classes of lipopeptide glucan synthesis inhibitors, the aerothricin lipopeptidolactones and the Sankyo lipopeptides, have been identified, as well as a novel member of the papulacandin family of liposaccharide glucan synthesis inhibitors. The first new structural class of glucan synthesis inhibitors discovered in over 20 years, the so-called sterol glycosides, is reviewed. Five different structural types within this class have been characterised. Finally, several novel compounds with cell wall antifungal activity based on inhibition of chitin synthase are reviewed.     

改性甲壳素生物敷料用于新鲜创面患者的临床疗效观察

皮肤是维持内环境稳定和阻止微生物入侵的屏障。损伤后发生的许多局部和全身问题与丧失皮肤屏障有关。一个性能优良的创面覆盖物，可暂时起到皮肤屏障功能的部分作用，提供一个有利于创面愈合的环境，等待创面上皮化为了促进手术后患者的伤口愈合，减少疤痕组织形成，预防感染的发生，减少和控制抗生素的应用，提高治疗效果。我们对甲壳素敷料与一次性自粘无菌敷料进行了比较，现将结果报告如下。