全文获取类型
收费全文 | 56330篇 |
免费 | 5733篇 |
国内免费 | 2557篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 895篇 |
儿科学 | 1235篇 |
妇产科学 | 405篇 |
基础医学 | 6894篇 |
口腔科学 | 7730篇 |
临床医学 | 4998篇 |
内科学 | 5780篇 |
皮肤病学 | 282篇 |
神经病学 | 1856篇 |
特种医学 | 2715篇 |
外国民族医学 | 25篇 |
外科学 | 12056篇 |
综合类 | 8347篇 |
现状与发展 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 2767篇 |
眼科学 | 567篇 |
药学 | 3040篇 |
24篇 | |
中国医学 | 1892篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3104篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 81篇 |
2023年 | 791篇 |
2022年 | 1172篇 |
2021年 | 2162篇 |
2020年 | 2076篇 |
2019年 | 1889篇 |
2018年 | 1855篇 |
2017年 | 1909篇 |
2016年 | 1849篇 |
2015年 | 2096篇 |
2014年 | 3513篇 |
2013年 | 4672篇 |
2012年 | 3004篇 |
2011年 | 3457篇 |
2010年 | 2959篇 |
2009年 | 2890篇 |
2008年 | 2806篇 |
2007年 | 2886篇 |
2006年 | 2585篇 |
2005年 | 2563篇 |
2004年 | 2223篇 |
2003年 | 1936篇 |
2002年 | 1661篇 |
2001年 | 1450篇 |
2000年 | 1239篇 |
1999年 | 1087篇 |
1998年 | 896篇 |
1997年 | 891篇 |
1996年 | 810篇 |
1995年 | 617篇 |
1994年 | 585篇 |
1993年 | 465篇 |
1992年 | 455篇 |
1991年 | 374篇 |
1990年 | 305篇 |
1989年 | 267篇 |
1988年 | 234篇 |
1987年 | 186篇 |
1986年 | 177篇 |
1985年 | 234篇 |
1984年 | 187篇 |
1983年 | 172篇 |
1982年 | 171篇 |
1981年 | 152篇 |
1980年 | 137篇 |
1979年 | 116篇 |
1978年 | 117篇 |
1977年 | 82篇 |
1976年 | 70篇 |
1975年 | 41篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
目的:自体骨髓移植联合MHC单倍体相合淋巴细胞治疗急性髓性白血病的治疗效果和安全性。方法:以40例急性髓性白血病患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组各20例,研究组患者使用自体骨髓移植联合MHC单倍体相合淋巴细胞进行治疗,对照组单用自体骨髓移植进行治疗。结果:两组患者的造血系统都得到重建,重建时间以及并发症的发生均没有显著差异。而研究组患者复发率显著降低,且复发时间明显地长于对照组患者。研究组患者3年累积无病生存率明显地高于对照组患者,且差异具有统计学意义。结论:自体骨髓移植联合MHC单倍体相合淋巴细胞治疗能够有效控制急性髓性白血病病情,降低其复发,延长患者生存期。 相似文献
52.
53.
54.
Lino Möhrmann Martina K. Zowada Hendrik Strakerjahn Christine Siegl Annette Kopp-Schneider Damir Krunic Dirk Strunk Martin Schneider Mark Kriegsmann Katharina Kriegsmann Friederike Herbst Claudia R. Ball Hanno Glimm Sebastian M. Dieter 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,147(2):519-531
Disseminated tumor cells (dTCs) can frequently be detected in the bone marrow (BM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, raising the possibility that the BM serves as a reservoir for metastatic tumor cells. Identification of dTCs in BM aspirates harbors the potential of assessing therapeutic outcome and directing therapy intensity with limited risk and effort. Still, the functional and prognostic relevance of dTCs is not fully established. We have previously shown that CRC cell clones can be traced to the BM of mice carrying patient-derived xenografts. However, cellular interactions, proliferative state and tumorigenicity of dTCs remain largely unknown. Here, we applied a coculture system modeling the microvascular niche and used immunofluorescence imaging of the murine BM to show that primary CRC cells migrate toward endothelial tubes. dTCs in the BM were rare, but detectable in mice with xenografts from most patient samples (8/10) predominantly at perivascular sites. Comparable to primary tumors, a substantial fraction of proliferating dTCs was detected in the BM. However, most dTCs were found as isolated cells, indicating that dividing dTCs rather separate than aggregate to metastatic clones—a phenomenon frequently observed in the microvascular niche model. Clonal tracking identified subsets of self-renewing tumor-initiating cells in the BM that formed tumors out of BM transplants, including one subset that did not drive primary tumor growth. Our results indicate an important role of the perivascular BM niche for CRC cell dissemination and show that dTCs can be a potential source for tumor relapse and tumor heterogeneity. 相似文献
55.
J. Rodríguez-Carrio A. Martínez-Zapico I. Cabezas-Rodríguez L. Benavente Á.I. Pérez-Álvarez P. López J.B. Cannata-Andía M. Naves-Díaz A. Suárez 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2019,29(2):135-143
Background and aims
Since accelerated atherosclerosis has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are needed. Among non-traditional risk factors, bone mineral density (BMD) has been related to CVD. However, its role in SLE remains controversial. This study aims to analyze the associations of subclinical atherosclerosis with traditional and non-traditional CV risk factors.Methods and results
In a cross-sectional study, atherosclerosis burden was compared between 112 female SLE patients and 31 controls. Plaque number and carotid intima-media wall thickness (cIMT) were assessed by ultrasonography. In a retrospective study, BMD determinations obtained 5-years before the ultrasonography assessment were analyzed in a subgroup of 62 patients. Plaque frequency was increased in SLE, even in patients without CV events or carotid wall thickening. cIMT was increased in patients with CVD, positively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Interestingly, a paradoxical effect of BMI on carotid parameters was observed. Whereas underweight patients (BMI < 20) showed increased prevalence of carotid plaques with low cIMT, those with BMI > 30 showed higher cIMT and plaque burden. Overweight patients (25 < BMI<30) exhibited both elevated cIMT and plaque number. BMI was an independent predictor of BMD. In our retrospective study, patients with either clinical or subclinical CVD exhibited lower BMD levels than their CV-free counterparts. A low lumbar spine BMD independently predicted CVD development after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion
SLE was associated with a higher subclinical atherosclerosis burden, a bimodal effect being observed for BMI. Decreased BMD can be a CV risk biomarker in SLE. 相似文献56.
S. Xing X. Zhang J. H. Liu X. Huang P. Zhou 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2019,195(1):121-131
Recent experimental strategies to reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have focused largely on modifying innate immunity. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-driven myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent signalling pathways that initiate adaptive immune function are also critical for the pathogenesis of GVHD. This study aimed to delineate the role of host MyD88 in the development of acute GVHD following fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). When myeloablated BALB/c MyD88 knock-out recipients were transplanted with C57BL/6 (B6) donor cells, they developed significantly more severe GVHD than wild-type (WT) BALB/c hosts. The increased morbidity and mortality in MyD88–/– mice correlated with increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and elevated inflammatory cytokines in GVHD target organs. Additionally, MyD88 deficiency in BMT recipients led to increased donor T cell expansion and more donor CD11c+ cell intestinal infiltration with apoptotic cells but reduced proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells compared with that in WT BMT recipients. Decreased expression of tight junction mRNA in epithelial cells of MyD88–/– mice suggested that MyD88 contributes to intestinal integrity. Cox-2 expression in the GVHD-targeted organs of WT mice is increased upon GVHD induction, but this enhanced expression was obviously inhibited by MyD88 deficiency. The present findings demonstrate an unexpected role for host MyD88 in preventing GVHD after allogeneic BMT. 相似文献
57.
58.
《Vaccine》2020,38(39):6141-6152
Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity. 相似文献
59.
Rena Fushiki Kotoe Mayahara Mai Ogawa Yasuyo Takahashi Yoko Karasawa Niina Tsurumachi 《Connective tissue research》2015,56(4):336-341
Purpose: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail.Materials and methods: Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48?h. To phenotypically investigate the effect of TF, we measured the number and the size of bone nodules stained by von Kossa technique on day 21 after cell seeding and determined the calcium content of bone nodules on day 14. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2, which are important factors for bone nodule formation, on days 1, 4 and 7 after TF loading.Results: The maximum bone nodule size in the control group was 1620 and 719?μm in the TF group. Furthermore, the mean number of bone nodules sized over 360?μm in the TF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The calcium content was also significantly decreased to 42% by TF loading. The mRNA expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2 was decreased 1 and 4 days after TF loading.Conclusion: The differentiation of bone forming progenitor cells into bone nodule forming cells was inhibited by TF due to the decreased expression of bone formation related factors such as BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2. 相似文献
60.