血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮效果观察

目的初步探讨血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压疮康复的机制。方法将33例(36处)Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮患者随机分为观察组(17处)和对照组(19处),观察组创面及窦道充满的自体富血小板凝胶,创面用无菌透明敷贴封闭,28d后可再次重复;对照组创面给予无菌生理盐水纱布填塞,每天换药。结果两组创面在治疗后3d、7d、14d、28d压疮愈合评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);两组创面治疗后28d创面疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论富血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮有较好疗效。     

常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病患者外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤

目的 研究常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病( ADPKD)患者及其家系成员外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤及辐射对其基因稳定性的影响.方法 采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术( SCGE)研究10例ADPKD(A组)、1个ADPKD家系中3例无症状者(B组)、20例健康对照者(C组)外周血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤及在0.5 Gy照射后的DNA损伤情况.采用彗星分析软件(CASP)进行图像分析,以尾DNA含量(TDNA％)评价淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度.结果 A组照射前、后TDNA％ (8.85％±0.14％,14.84％±0.77％)及照射后TDNA％的增加值(6.00％±0.77％)均显著高于C组(7.50％±0.37％,12.46％±0.26％,4.96％±0.44％),B、C两组及A、B两组间差异无统计学意义.B组中1例TDNA％照射前后均显著高于C组.结论 ADPKD患者外周血淋巴细胞具有基因不稳定性,在环境因素刺激下,有可能通过基因突变启动多脏器囊肿形成.SCGE为进一步阐明ADPKD发病机制及预后判断提供了一种新的方法和思路.     

Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gastrointestinal Tract and Pyogenic Liver Abscess

To determine the role of gastrointestinal carriage in Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess, we studied 43 patients. Bacterial isolates from liver and fecal samples from 10 patients with this condition and 7 healthy carriers showed identical serotypes and genotypes with the same virulence. This finding indicated that gastrointestinal carriage is a predisposing factor for liver abscess.     

Pathogenic potential to humans of bovine Escherichia coli O26, Scotland

Escherichia coli O26 and O157 have similar overall prevalences in cattle in Scotland, but in humans, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O26 infections are fewer and clinically less severe than E. coli O157 infections. To investigate this discrepancy, we genotyped E. coli O26 isolates from cattle and humans in Scotland and continental Europe. The genetic background of some strains from Scotland was closely related to that of strains causing severe infections in Europe. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling found an association between hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and multilocus sequence type 21 strains and confirmed the role of stx(2) in severe human disease. Although the prevalences of E. coli O26 and O157 on cattle farms in Scotland are equivalent, prevalence of more virulent strains is low, reducing human infection risk. However, new data on E. coli O26-associated HUS in humans highlight the need for surveillance of non-O157 enterohemorrhagic E. coli and for understanding stx(2) phage acquisition.     

Causes of pneumonia epizootics among bighorn sheep, Western United States, 2008-2010

Epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep is a devastating disease of uncertain etiology. To help clarify the etiology, we used culture and culture-independent methods to compare the prevalence of the bacterial respiratory pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in lung tissue from 44 bighorn sheep from herds affected by 8 outbreaks in the western United States. M. ovipneumoniae, the only agent detected at significantly higher prevalence in animals from outbreaks (95%) than in animals from unaffected healthy populations (0%), was the most consistently detected agent and the only agent that exhibited single strain types within each outbreak. The other respiratory pathogens were frequently but inconsistently detected, as were several obligate anaerobic bacterial species, all of which might represent secondary or opportunistic infections that could contribute to disease severity. These data provide evidence that M. ovipneumoniae plays a primary role in the etiology of epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep.     

小牛血去蛋白提取物在青光眼术后结膜漏水中的应用

目的：探讨小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶对术中用丝裂霉素C的青光眼术后结膜漏水的修复能力。 方法：采取回顾性研究方法,将2007-01/2010-12我院青光眼小梁切除术后结膜漏水的患者分成不用小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶的对照组(A组)和用20%小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶的治疗组（B组）,记录结膜在术后3,7,14d愈合的情况,评价其有效性。 结果：小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶治疗组能缩短结膜愈合时间,与不用小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶的对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论：小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶能有效促进结膜修复,减少丝裂霉素C使用后的并发症。     

Molecular Typing in Public Health Laboratories: From an Academic Indulgence to an Infection Control Imperative

Using three Austrian case studies, the variegated applications of molecular typing in today''s public health laboratories are discussed to help illustrate preventive management strategies relying on DNA subtyping. DNA macrorestriction analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis has become the gold standard for subtyping of food borne pathogens like listeria, salmonella, campylobacter and Bacillus cereus. Using a Salmonella Mbandaka outbreak from the year 2010 as example, it is shown how the comparison of patterns from human isolates, food isolates, animal isolates and feed isolates can allow to identify and confirm a source of disease. An epidemiological connection between the simultaneous occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle and deer with cases of human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in 2010 was excluded using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable-number tandem repeats subtyping. Also in 2010, multilocus sequence typing with nonselective housekeeping genes, the so-called sequence based typing protocol, was used to elucidate connections between an environmental source (a hospital drinking water system) and a case of legionellosis. During the last decades, molecular typing has evolved to become a routine tool in the daily work of public health laboratories. The challenge is now no longer to simply type microorganisms, but to type them in a way that allows for data exchange between public health laboratories all over the world.     

CO2激光联合硅凝胶膜治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床观察

目的观察CO2激光联合硅凝胶膜治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法 130例瘢痕疙瘩患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各65例,两组均采用CO2激光治疗,观察组额外贴敷硅凝胶膜,疗程6个月。评价临床疗效和症状改善情况。结果观察组和对照组总有效率分别为81.5%和66.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后VAS疼痛评分、瘙痒评分和瘢痕面积数值较治疗前均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CO2激光联合硅凝胶膜治疗瘢痕疙瘩临床疗效高,患者症状改善显著。     

Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus secreted proteins protects rabbits from serious illnesses

Staphylococcus aureus causes significant illnesses throughout the world, including toxic shock syndrome (TSS), pneumonia, and infective endocarditis. Major contributors to S. aureus illnesses are secreted virulence factors it produces, including superantigens and cytolysins. This study investigates the use of superantigens and cytolysins as staphylococcal vaccine candidates. Importantly, 20% of humans and 50% of rabbits in our TSS model cannot generate antibody responses to native superantigens. We generated three TSST-1 mutants; G31S/S32P, H135A, and Q136A. All rabbits administered these TSST-1 toxoids generated strong antibody responses (titers>10,000) that neutralized native TSST-1 in TSS models, both in vitro and in vivo. These TSST-1 mutants lacked detectable residual toxicity. Additionally, the TSST-1 mutants exhibited intrinsic adjuvant activity, increasing antibody responses to a second staphylococcal antigen (β-toxin). This effect may be due to TSST-1 mutants binding to the immune co-stimulatory molecule CD40. The superantigens TSST-1 and SEC and the cytolysin α-toxin are known to contribute to staphylococcal pneumonia. Immunization of rabbits against these secreted toxins provided complete protection from highly lethal challenge with a USA200 S. aureus strain producing all three exotoxins; USA200 strains are common causes of staphylococcal infections. The same three exotoxins plus the cytolysins β-toxin and γ-toxin contribute to infective endocarditis and sepsis caused by USA200 strains. Immunization against these five exotoxins protected rabbits from infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis. These data suggest that immunization against toxoid proteins of S. aureus exotoxins protects from serious illnesses, and concurrently superantigen toxoid mutants provide endogenous adjuvant activity.