多发性硬化和其他神经系统疾病脑脊液寡克隆区带的初步观察

作者用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对165例神经系统疾病患者进行了脑脊液的寡克隆区带(O-B)检测,观察到多发性硬化及散发性脑炎患者的O-B检出率较高,非炎性神经系统疾病患者仅少数出现O-B。本法取材少,脑脊液不需浓缩,方法简便,检出率高,适合临床应用。     

An Improved Method of Removing Polyurethane Foam-Covered Gel Prostheses

One of the advantages of polyurethane foam-covered prostheses has been that in the first 5 to 10 years after their use, the amount of capsular contraction was found much less than when similar ``slick' prostheses were used. Another advance was their fixation to the surrounding tissue thus giving a more natural appearance and movement with the muscles when the arms were moved in any direction. The formation of a thick capsule also acted as a protection against gel granuloma due to rupture of the prosthesis and has been thought to be a factor in the lower capsule contraction rate. The greatest disadvantage has been that its removal was extremely difficult and this has continued up until the technique described in this paper has been introduced.     

Calculation of Hydrolytic Rate Constants of Poly(ortho ester)s from Molecular Weights Determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography

Purpose. To obtained rate constants from weight-averaged (M_w) or z-averaged (M_z) molecular weights for polymers of Schule-Flory distribution and undergoing random scission. These constants were compared with those obtained by parallel ¹HNMR studies. Methods. The hydrolysis of two poly(ortho ester)s were followed by ¹HNMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Results. Equations to convert number-averaged (M_n), M_w and M_z into fraction of backbone remaining (f_c) were derived. First-order hydrolytic rate constants of two poly(ortho ester)s; DETOSU-HD and DETOSU-CDM were calculated using these relationships. The rate constants calculated from ¹HNMR, M_z and M_w were 0.215, 0.218 and 0.182 hr^–1, respectively, for DETOSU-CDM and 0.152, 0.086 and 0.038 hr^–l for DETOSU-HD. The large discrepancy in the rates determined by ¹HNMR and GPC in the latter case was attributed to that the detector response (refractive index) of the monomers was lower than that of the high molecular weight polymer. The difference is small in the case of DETOSU-CDM, and the rates calculated from GPC data were comparable or nearly identical to that obtained from ¹HNMR data. Conclusions. Although GPC can yield rapid and valuable kinetic data for the degradation of biodegradable polymers, the system, however, must be carefully calibrated to account for the variations in Mark-Houwink coefficients and in the response of the mass detector between the high and low MW polymers.     

聚焦层析分离人肝精氨酸酶同工酶组分

用聚焦层析结合DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析,从正常人肝浸液中分离得两个精氨酸酶同工酶组分.经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)鉴定从聚焦层析得到的第一峰同工酶组分为一条蛋白带,第二峰具有精氨酸酶活性的蛋白组分的主要蛋白带也极明显。各蛋白质成分向阴极电泳的前后顺序与从聚焦层析洗脱的先后次序一致。两型同工酶的比活力分别约为2050U/mg及790U/mg。用SDS-PAGE检测两型同工酶均由两种亚基组成,且分子量近似。     

隆鼻硅胶假体雕刻中的四个角度

目的探讨隆鼻硅胶假体雕刻中的四个角度与隆鼻并发症的关系。方法总结了420例硅胶假体隆鼻术患者,分析并发症与假体雕刻的关系,提出假体雕刻要与鼻部解剖形态相吻合的四个角度。结果术后1周,发现3例患者假体鼻根部向一侧轻度偏斜,2例6个月后鼻根部假体固定不良。1例术后主诉头痛,取出假体后症状消失。其余未发生并发症。结论假体雕刻与鼻部解剖形态的四个角度相吻合,可以减少并发症的发生,提高美容效果。     

烧伤病区多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌DNA的脉冲场凝胶电泳分析

目的:了解烧伤病区铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)感染的分子流行病学特征。方法:采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型的方法,对15株分离自烧伤临床病人的多重耐药PA染色体组DNA进行分析。结果:15株检测菌株中有9株菌分别属于两种不同的PFGE图谱类型,具有同源性的菌株占测试菌株的60%。结论:导致我院烧伤患者感染多重耐药的PA中有同源性的比例较高,提示在烧伤救治中采取有针对性的措施,防止烧伤病房内的交叉感染对于降低烧伤感染率、提高烧伤救治水平具有重要意义。     

金黄色葡萄球菌CCC型及OC型质粒的检测

采用已报道的金黄色葡萄球菌质粒DNA的检测方法(简称LL法)。从1982年在南京地区临床分离的131株金黄色葡萄球菌中的125株(95.4%)中检出质粒,可分为21质粒谱。经单向及双向二步琼脂糖凝胶电泳法鉴别,按分子量共有16个CCC型质粒带(P_1～P_(16))。用改良的LL法制备E.coli V517菌株质粒DNA,建立了简便的测定金黄色葡萄球菌质粒DNA分子量的参考系统。结果表明:要本实验条件下,P_1～P_(16)的分子量为1.42 Md～22.24±0.73 Md;以含有14.88、2.66±0.06 Md质粒谱的菌株较常见,占总数的25.2%;2.66±0.06 Md的质粒最常见,在73.3%的菌株中检出。     

红细胞同工酶ADA－EAP一AK_1同步电泳分型方法的建立

综合、改良了分别分型的方法，建立了红细胞同工酶ＡＤＡ一ＥＡＰ一ＡＫ１同步电泳分型方法，为ＡＤＡ，ＥＡＰ和ＡＫ１３种红细胞同工酶在法医学鉴定中更广泛的应用，提供了一种可靠、经济、实用的方法。     

An alkylpolyglucoside surfactant as a prospective pharmaceutical excipient for topical formulations: The influence of oil polarity on the colloidal structure and hydrocortisone in vitro/in vivo permeation

There is a growing need for research into new skin- and environment-friendly surfactants. This paper focuses on a natural surfactant of an alkylpolyglucoside type, which can form both thermotropic and lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. The aim of this study was to relate some physicochemical properties (characterised by polarisation and transmission electron microscopy, thermal analysis and rheology) of the three formulations based on cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol, to the results of in vitro and in vivo bioavailability of hydrocortisone (HC). The three formulations contained oils of different polarity (medium chain triglycerides: MG, isopropyl myristate: IPM and light liquid paraffin: LP), respectively. In vitro permeation was followed through the artificial skin constructs (ASC), while the parameters measured in vivo were erythema index: EI (using instrumental human skin blanching assay), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH). The vehicles based on cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol showed a complex colloidal structure of lamellar liquid-crystalline and lamellar gel-crystalline type, depending on oil polarity. Rheological profile of the vehicle was directly related to the in vitro profile of the HC permeation. In vivo results suggested that the vehicle with MG retarded the HC permeation, whereas less polar IPM and non-polar LP enhanced it. It is suggested that the enhancement is achieved either by a direct interaction with lipid lamellae of the SC or indirectly by improving skin hydration.

There were no adverse effects during in vivo study, which indicates a good safety profile of this alkylpolyglucoside surfactant.     

Close correlation between high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in normotriglyceridaemia.

The relationship between high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) particle size subclasses and the levels of the major lipoprotein lipids was studied in 74 men consecutively referred to the lipid clinic. HDL (density 1.070-1.21 kg l-1) was separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) into five size-defined subclasses, in order of decreasing size as follows: HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a, HDL3b and HDL3c. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in very-low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins were determined. The level of VLDL triglycerides was negatively correlated with HDL2b (r = -0.66, P less than 0.0001), and positively correlated with HDL3b concentrations (r = 0.65, P less than 0.0001). Both correlations were restricted to subjects with VLDL triglyceride concentrations of less than 1.80 mmol l-1, i.e. those with normotriglyceridaemia. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction and/or angina pectoris (n = 18) had significantly lower HDL2b levels than subjects with asymptomatic hyperlipidaemia (n = 50), i.e. 0.16 vs. 0.22 mg protein ml-1 (P less than 0.05), despite essentially similar cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the VLDL, LDL and HDL fractions, including HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol.