Forehead sympathetic skin responses in determining autonomic involvement in Parkinson’s disease

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate forehead sympathetic skin response (SSR) and demonstrate any differences with extremity SSR in determining autonomic nervous system (ANS) involvement in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsTwenty early stage, 20 advanced stage idiopathic PD patients and 20 healthy controls participated in this study. SSR of forehead, hands and feet, heart rate variability (HRV), orthostatic intolerance, QT intervals and dysautonomic symptoms were evaluated.ResultsAbsent forehead SSR was determined unilaterally in 4, bilaterally in 7 early stage patients, and unilaterally in 4, bilaterally in 8 advanced stage PD patients; there was significant difference between early and advanced stage PD and control groups in terms of the lack of SSR (p = 0.000). Absent extremity SSR was determined in at least 1 extremity of 3 advanced stage PD patients, and none of the early stage PD patients. No difference was noted in HRV at rest between early and advanced stage PD and control groups (p = 0.218); but HRV at deep breathing was lower in both early and advanced PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionForehead SSR is more sensitive in determining ANS dysfunction not only in late but also in early stage of PD.SignificanceWith further supportive research, forehead SSR might be used as a simple diagnostic electrophysiological test in the early diagnosis of ANS dysfunction enabling proper treatment and increasing the quality of life of PD patients.     

电子胎心监护Ⅱ类图形反复性变异减速产妇分娩终止时限对新生儿结局的影响

目的探讨电子胎心监护(EFM)Ⅱ类图形反复性变异减速(VD)产妇的分娩终止时限对新生儿结局的影响。 方法选择2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日在北京市通州区妇幼保健院住院分娩，并且胎儿心率出现EFM Ⅱ类图形反复性VD的829例产妇为研究对象。其中，胎儿心率发生轻、中、重度反复性VD的产妇分别为392、246及191例。按照分娩终止时限不同，将其分为3组，A组(n＝380，分娩终止时限≤30 min)，B组(n＝251，分娩终止时限为30～60 min)和C组(n＝198，分娩终止时限≥60 min)。392例轻度反复性VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分别为98、163、131例；246例中度VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分别为152、62和32例；191例重度VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分别为96、62和33例。采用χ²检验，对3组不同分娩终止时限产妇的新生儿不良结局进行统计学分析，进一步对轻、中、重度反复性VD产妇不同分娩终止时限所致新生儿不良结局发生率分别进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①829例EFM Ⅱ类图形反复性VD产妇的年龄为(29.3±3.7)岁，人体质量指数(BMI)为(22.6±3.5) kg/m²；存在脐带异常为578例(69.7%)。②A、B、C组新生儿不良结局发生率分别为2.6%(10/380)、8.8%(22/251)和20.2%(40/198)，3者比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝50.675，P<0.001)。③392例轻度反复性VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分娩新生儿不良结局发生率分别为1.0%(1/98)、0.6%(1/162)和1.5%(2/129)，3者比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.600，P＝0.741)。④246例中度反复性VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分娩新生儿不良结局发生率分别为2.0%(3/152)、9.7%(6/56)和50.0%(16/32), 3者比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝66.805，P<0.001)。⑤191例重度反复性VD产妇中，分娩终止时限≤30 min、30～60 min和≥60 min者分娩新生儿不良结局发生率分别为6.2%(6/96)、24.2%(15/62)和66.7%(22/33)，3者比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝51.535，P<0.001)。 结论EFM Ⅱ类图形中反复性VD产妇，随着分娩终止时限延长，可增加新生儿不良结局发生率。EFM Ⅱ类图形为中至重度反复性VD产妇，应分别在60 min和30 min内及时娩出新生儿。     

精益六西格玛在降低医疗设备返修率中的应用研究

目的:分析医疗设备维修工作中影响返修率的关键环节并采取改进措施,从而降低医疗设备返修率。方法:以监护仪为例,逐步运用精益六西格玛的DMAICⅡ流程(定义—测量—分析—改进—控制)及鱼骨图、控制图、生产工序能力分析、Pareto图等方法量化设备维修的过程能力,通过分析参数质控的不合格率找出关键环节,并对改善过程能力前后进行对照和临床反馈统计。结果:发现维修工序中有未执行维修后质控、外购附件质量不高、维修技术水平低3个主要环节影响医疗设备返修率。实施改进措施后,平均质控不合格率和工序能力都得到明显改善,医疗设备返修率降低。结论:精益六西格玛通过定量的数据分析能减少设备维修工序中的变异,可修正工作流程,增强生产稳定性,对降低医疗设备返修率有现实意义。     

The role of particle physico-chemical properties in pulmonary drug delivery for tuberculosis therapy

Abstract

There is increasing interest in the use of inhaled aerosol drug therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). A number of methods of preparation of particles have been employed including spray drying, solvent evaporation, emulsion and phospholipid methods to create microparticles, macroaggregated nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes. Each of these methods involves the use of different proportions of additives to aid in the particle formation or to achieve important physico-chemical properties such as ease of dispersion. While these approaches all have merit their practical value is limited by constraints on dose and means of delivery as an aerosol in order to achieve a therapeutic effect. A review of a number of approaches is presented and placed in the context of the need for effective aerosol delivery systems for the treatment of TB as a guide to selection of appropriate excipients, processes and delivery strategies to support product development activities.     

全自动尿沉渣分析仪Sysmex UF-1000i的性能评价

目的评价Sysmex UF-1000i全自动尿沉渣分析仪(简称Sysmex UF-1000i)的性能,以探讨其是否符合临床要求。方法按照实验室ISO15189要求,检测白细胞(WBC)计数、红细胞(RBC)计数、上皮细胞(EC)计数、管型(CAST)计数及细菌(BACT)计数5项指标的批内精密度、批间精密度、携带污染率、线性范围、准确度并验证生物参考区间。结果 Sysmex UF-1000i对白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、上皮细胞(EC)、管型(CAST)、细菌(BACT)的低值质控批内精密度、高值质控批内精密度、低值质控批间精密度、高值质控批间精密度、低值质控准确度、高值质控准确度,以及RBC、BACT的携带污染率(分别为0.02%和0.00%)均符合厂家要求。WBC、RBC、BACT的线性相关系数r2分别为0.999 4,0.999 8,0.999 8,r2均不低于0.95,线性良好。结论 UF-1000i各项性能均符合ISO15189对性能评价的要求,可应用于临床尿液沉渣的检验。