Selective Mapping of Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Currents Using Acoustoelectric Imaging

We describe a new application of acoustoelectric imaging for non-invasive mapping of the location, magnitude and polarity of current generated by a clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) device. Ultrasound at 1MHz was focused near the DBS device as short current pulses were injected across different DBS leads. A recording electrode detected the high-frequency acoustoelectric interaction signal. Linear scans of the US beam produced time-varying images of the magnitude and polarity of the induced current, enabling precise localization of the DBS leads within 0.70mm, a detection threshold of 1.75mA at 1 MPa and a sensitivity of 0.52 ± 0.07 μV/(mA*MPa). Monopole and dipole configurations in saline were repeated through a human skullcap. Despite 13.8-dB ultrasound attenuation through bone, acoustoelectric imaging was still >10dB above background with a sensitivity of 0.56 ± 0.10 μV/(mA*MPa). This proof-of-concept study indicates that selective mapping of lead currents through a DBS device may be possible using non-invasive acoustoelectric imaging.     

葛根素注射液联合巴曲酶治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效观察

目的 研究葛根素注射液联合巴曲酶治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果。方法 选择2016年2月—2016年12月在榆林市星元医院进行诊治的突发性耳聋患者78例，随机分为两组，每组各39例。对照组给予巴曲酶注射液，每次10 BU，加入500 mL生理盐水中稀释后进行静脉滴注，每两天1次。观察组在对照组基础上联合静脉滴注葛根素注射液治疗，将0.4 g葛根素注射液加入250 mL生理盐水中进行静脉滴注，每天1次。两组均治疗10 d。比较两组的临床治疗效果，以及治疗前后的活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间和血浆纤维蛋白原，全血黏度低切、血细胞比容、全血黏度高切、血浆黏度和纯音听阈值。结果 观察组的有效率为89.74%，明显高于对照组的71.79%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间以及凝血酶原时间均明显升高，血浆纤维蛋白原明显降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且两组间相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的全血黏度低切、血细胞比容、全血黏度高切及血浆黏度均明显降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的纯音听阈值均明显改善，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 葛根素注射液联合巴曲酶治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果明显优于单独使用巴曲酶，不仅可以有效改善患者的临床症状还可以改善血液流变学状态以及血液高凝状态。     

糖皮质激素治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果观察

目的：研究分析糖皮质激素治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果。方法：选取在我院治疗的突发性耳聋患者80例（2014年5月～2015年5月）。将其动态随机化分2组，研究组和对照组各40例。对照组患者给予非激素常规治疗，研究组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予糖皮质激素进行治疗，对比两组患者突发性耳聋的临床疗效。结果：研究组患者治愈率为27．50％，总有效率为87．50％，与对照组患者对比存在明显差异（P＜0．05）。结论：采用糖皮质激素对突发性耳聋患者进行治疗的效果显著，能有效改善患者听力情况，在临床上可以广泛应用。     

中西医结合治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折的疗效及术后感染分析

目的分析中西医结合治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效及术后感染等并发症。方法选取开放性胫腓骨骨折患者164例,随机分为观察组和对照组各82例,观察组予中西医结合治疗,对照组仅予抗菌药物等西药治疗,比较两组患者骨痂生长情况、治疗优良率及并发症发生率。结果观察组术后10周内骨痂出现率为91.46%,对照组为67.07%,观察组患者术后10周内骨痂出现率明显高于对照组;观察组患者临床疗效优良率为92.68%,明显高于对照组的78.05%;观察组并发症总发生率为12.41%;明显高于对照组的25.61%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合方法治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折,骨痂生长快,疗效优良率高,术后并发症少,较少出现术后感染。     

AZT and emodin exhibit synergistic growth-inhibitory effects on K562/ADM cells by inducing S phase cell cycle arrest and suppressing MDR1 mRNA/p-gp protein expression

Abstract

Context: Previous studies have demonstrated that both 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and emodin, a traditional chemotherapy agent, can inhibit the growth of many types of cancer cells.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AZT and emodin on adriamycin-resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562/ADM) cells, determine the expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA/p-glycoprotein (p-gp) protein, a protein known to induce resistance to anticancer agents, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Materials and methods: K562/ADM cells were treated with AZT (10–160?μM) or emodin (5–80?μM) for 24,?48 and 72?h and cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The effect of AZT (16.5, 33 and 66?μM) and emodin (6.1,?17.6 and 33.2?μM) on K562/ADM cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry, and MDR1 mRNA/p-gp protein expression was determined by real time RT-PCR and western blotting.

Results: The growth suppression of emodin was dramatically enhanced by AZT in K562/ADM cells. The IC₅₀ of AZT and emodin was lower than that of emodin alone. All examined combinations of AZT and emodin yielded a synergetic effect (CI?<?1). Furthermore, AZT and emodin altered the cell cycle distribution and led to an accumulation of cells in S phase. Meanwhile, the expression of MDR1 mRNA/p-gp protein was markedly decreased.

Discussion and conclusion: These results show a synergistic growth-inhibitory effect of AZT and emodin in K562/ADM cells, which is achieved through S phase arrest. MDR1 might ultimately be responsible for these phenomena.     

营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状况及疗效影响的研究

目的:探求营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状况及疗效影响。方法:将100例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者随机分成两组,各50例,即营养组口服整蛋白营养液;对照组患者营养膳食由家属自行配制。在营养支持的治疗前及治疗后分别检测两组患者的淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)。结果:TLC、ALB、Hb在两组得到改善(P<0.05),与对照组相比,营养组TLC、ALB、Hb改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组PaO2均升高,PaCO2均降低,营养组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后营养组临床总显效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:合理营养可以有效改善COPD患者高能量分解状态,保证充足的营养供给,缓解发热、感染、应激反应对能量的需求,促进疾病的转归,从而达到理想的治疗效果。     

根除幽门螺杆菌对胃增生性息肉的治疗作用

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌与胃息肉的关系及根除幽门螺杆菌对胃增生性息肉的治疗作用。方法选取2009年1月—2012年3月来该院治疗的胃息肉患者154例,根据胃息肉病理类型分为增生型组、炎性组、胃底腺型组及腺瘤型组,检测患者的幽门螺杆菌,分析幽门螺杆菌感染与不同类型息肉的相关性。对所有患者进行ESD法切除胃息肉,对幽门螺杆菌阳性的患者进行四联根除螺旋杆菌治疗。将清菌后的病人按清菌成功与否分为清菌成功组及清菌失败组,对两组病人进行随访观察,比较两组间息肉复发率有无差异。结果本研究发现154例胃息肉患者中,增生型72例,占46.75%,胃底腺型56例,占36.36%,炎性息肉15例,占9.74%,腺瘤型11例,占7.14%。Hp感染率由高到低依次为炎性>增生型>胃底腺型>腺瘤型。所有患者均完成ESD法息肉切除术,在随访观察中发现增生性息肉成功清除幽门螺杆菌后,明显低于其他病理类型的复发率,且清菌成功组的复发率明显低于清菌失败组。结论幽门螺旋杆菌感染与增生性息肉的发生关系密切,增生性息肉患者根除幽门螺杆菌后,不易复发,根除幽门螺杆菌对胃增生性息肉具有良好的治疗作用。     

结肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗体会

目的:总结结肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗原则、手术方法及临床疗效。方法:对2007年3月～2011年9月手术治疗的33例结肠癌并肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:33例患者术后肠梗阻症状均获缓解,肠蠕动恢复良好,行Ⅰ期切除吻合术22例,Ⅰ期切除近端造瘘Ⅱ期吻合术7例,单纯造瘘3例,捷径吻合术1例。术后切口感染3例,吻合口漏1例,均经换药引流1周后治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论:根据患者具体情况合理选择手术方式,正确的术中操作和围手术处理是提高疗效,减少术后并发症,降低病死率,、改善患者生活质量的重要保证。     

Class 3 semaphorins as a therapeutic target

Introduction: The semaphorins were initially described as axon guidance molecules that play important roles in the development of nervous system. Recent studies suggest that semaphorins and their receptors also exert such diverse functions as immune response, control of vascular endothelial cell motility and invasion of many types of cancer cells.

Areas covered: The available results concerning application of class 3 semaphorins and their inhibitors for the treatment in animal disease models.

Expert opinion: Because semaphorins are now recognized as key players in immune, cardiovascular, bone metabolism and neurological system, semaphorins and their receptors are most promising therapeutic targets for various disease states. As semaphorins exert their diverse or even opposing activities in vivo, more elaborate studies on pathophysiology and signal transduction mechanisms of semaphorins are required.