健康教练教育对预防性肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响

目的 探讨健康教练教育对提升预防性肠造口患者自我护理能力的作用.方法 将110例直肠癌行预防性肠造口的患者随机分为干预组和对照组各55例.对照组采取个体宣教,每周2次集中授课,1次理论授课,1次实践操作,每月定期随访等常规健康教育;干预组在此基础上采取健康教练教育进行造口管理.比较两组手术前后的肠造口自我护理能力和术后造口并发症发生率.结果 术后第5天、术后1个月末、术后3个月末干预组自我护理能力总分优于同期的对照组(均P＜0.01).术后1个月、术后3个月干预组的刺激性皮炎发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 健康教练教育能提高预防性肠造口患者的自我护理能力,降低造口并发症的发生.     

Using psychometric ability to improve education in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

The learning curve for novices developing regional anaesthesia skills, such as real-time ultrasound-guided needle manipulation, may be affected by innate visuospatial ability, as this influences spatial cognition and motor co-ordination. We conducted a multinational randomised controlled trial to test if novices with low visuospatial ability would perform better at an ultrasound-guided needling task with deliberate practice training than with discovery learning. Visuospatial ability was evaluated using the mental rotations test-A. We recruited 140 medical students and randomly allocated them into low-ability control (discovery learning), low-ability intervention (received deliberate practice), high-ability control, and high-ability intervention groups. Primary outcome was the time taken to complete the needling task, and there was no significant difference between groups: median (IQR [range]) low-ability control 125 s (69–237 [43–600 s]); low-ability intervention 163 s (116–276 [44–600 s]); high-ability control 130 s (80–210 [41–384 s]); and high-ability intervention 177 s (113–285 [43–547 s]), p = 0.06. No difference was found using the global rating scale: mean (95%CI) low-ability control 53% (95%CI 46–60%); low-ability intervention 61% (95%CI 53–68%); high-ability control 63% (95%CI 56–70%); and high-ability intervention 66% (95%CI 60–72%), p = 0.05. For overall procedure pass/fail, the low-ability control group pass rate of 42% (14/33) was significantly less than the other three groups: low-ability intervention 69% (25/36); high-ability control 68% (25/37); and high-ability intervention 85% (29/34) p = 0.003. Further research is required to determine the role of visuospatial ability screening in training for ultrasound-guided needle skills.     

中药防治疲劳作用机制的研究进展

疲劳是亚健康的典型表现,会导致身体发生一系列的生理变化。长期疲劳如不及时缓解,可诱发心血管功能障碍、精神障碍等严重病理反应。中药为防治疲劳、减缓继发性疾病提供了可靠的临床实践,具有抗疲劳作用的天然药物种类丰富,为开发利用新型抗疲劳药物提供崭新领域。通过对疲劳的认识、中药与天然药物防治疲劳的复杂机制进行综述,为揭示中药干预疲劳提供理论依据,也为开发具有抗疲劳潜力的新产品提供指导。     

狐臭柴中精油GC-MS测定及其抑制肺癌细胞增殖的研究

目的 研究狐臭柴Premna puberula叶片精油的化学成分、含量、抗氧化、抑菌及抗肿瘤的能力,为狐臭柴开发利用提供一定的研究基础。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用仪鉴定狐臭柴叶片精油的化学成分;以对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）和2,2′-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐（ABTS）自由基的清除能力,结合总还原力为指标评价精油的抗氧化活性;以抑菌圈法探究其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑制作用;采用细胞增殖/毒性检测试剂盒法（Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8）测定其对人肺癌A549细胞的抑制作用。结果 狐臭柴叶片精油中共鉴定出72种化合物,约占精油总成分的99.36%,其主要成分为左旋-β-蒎烯（15.27%）、1-辛烯-3-醇（14.46%）、蒎烯（14.29%）、1-石竹烯（6.26%）、α-石竹烯（4.47%）和芳樟醇（3.12%）。抗氧化实验结果表明,狐臭柴叶片精油具有较强的总还原力,且对DPPH及ABTS自由基的半数抑制...     

蒺藜果实化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究蒺藜Tribulus terrester果实的化学成分及其抗氧化活性。方法 综合利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等分离手段进行分离纯化;结合NMR、MS、IR、UV等波谱学技术来鉴定化合物的结构;通过DPPH法、ABTS法以及羟基自由基清除方法测定化合物的抗氧化活性。结果 从蒺藜果实75%甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为(E)-4-hydroxy-N-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)benzamide(1)、蒺藜酰胺（2）、海柯皂苷元（3）、25R-螺甾-4-烯-3,12-二酮（4）、槲皮素（5）、3,4’-二羟基-3’-甲氧基苯丙酮（6）、对羟基苯甲酸（7）、(9Z,11E)-13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid(8)、(8E,12Z)-10-hydroxy-8,12-octadecadienoic acid(9)、肉豆蔻酸（10）,其中化合物1～6对DPPH、ABTS自由基以及羟基自由基均有较显著的活性,并且化合物5清除ABTS自由基和羟基自由基半数抑制浓度（...     

多酚在植物中的分布及其生物活性研究进展

天然酚类化合物广泛存在于植物中,资源、种类丰富且具有多种药效如抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抑菌、心脏保护、预防肥胖与糖尿病等多种药效作用。目前,植物多酚应用于食品、医药、化工、畜牧养殖等多个领域,利用纳米、微胶囊等技术可提高其生物利用度,从而产生较好的生物学效应。以植物多酚为研究对象,通过Phenol-Explorer等数据库挖掘,结合文献研究,综述其在植物中的分布、种类、生物活性及开发利用现状,为植物多酚的综合开发利用及植物多酚新资源的发现提供新思路。     

miR-21对骨质疏松小鼠骨髓基质细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨miR-21对骨质疏松小鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)增殖的影响。方法采用双侧卵巢切除法构建骨质疏松小鼠模型(VOX),分离、培养、纯化小鼠BMSCs并采用si PORT Neo FX转染pre-miR-21、pre-miR-negative control(pre-miR-NC)、antmiR-21、ant-miR-negative control(ant-miR-NC)并进行RT-PCR验证,MTT法检测小鼠BMSCs增殖情况、茜素红与碱性磷酸酶染色法检测小鼠BMSCs成骨能力、Western-blotting检测细胞增殖、成骨分化相关蛋白水平。结果骨质疏松症小鼠BMSCs中miR-21相对表达水平低于Ctrl组(P0.05),OVX-pre-miR-21组BMSCs中miR-21相对表达水平、细胞增殖、PCNA水平、Ki-67水平、ALP染色程度、ALP活性、茜素红染色程度、Runx2水平、Osterix水平均高于OVX-pre-miR-NC组(P0.05),OVX-premiR-NC组BMSCs中miR-21相对表达水平、细胞增殖、PCNA水平、Ki-67水平、ALP染色程度、ALP活性、茜素红染色程度、Runx2水平、Osterix水平均显著低于Ctrl-pre-miR-NC(P0.05); OVX-ant-miR-21组BMSCs中miR-21相对表达水平、细胞增殖、PCNA水平、Ki-67水平、ALP染色程度、ALP活性、茜素红染色程度、Runx2水平、Osterix水平均显著低于OVX-ant-miR-NC组(P0.05),OVX-ant-miR-NC组BMSCs中miR-21相对表达水平、细胞增殖、PCNA水平、Ki-67水平、ALP染色程度、ALP活性、茜素红染色程度、Runx2水平、Osterix水平均显著低于Ctrl-ant-miR-NC(P0.05)。结论提高miR-21表达水平可促进骨质疏松小鼠BMSCs增殖能力与成骨分化能力。     

The Hawaii family study of cognition: A reply

Differences in age and number of children tested per family between two ethnic groups (Americans of Japanese ancestry and Americans of European ancestry) have a trivial effect on differences in regressions of midchild on midparent for tests of specific cognitive abilities. Although the regression of offspring on midparent value is not a mathematical function of the spouse correlation, an empirical association between these two measures of familial resemblance is expected for characters with nonzero heritability. Such an association is reported for anthropometric characters. Since age effects contribute to the covariance of family members, age correction of family cognitive data is essential.The results reported here are made possible by collaboration of a group of investigators (G. C. Ashton, R. C. Johnson, M. P. Mi, and M. N. Rashad at the University of Hawaii, and J. C. DeFries, G. E. McClearn, S. G. Vandenberg, and J. R. Wilson at the University of Colorado) supported by NSF Grant GB-34720 and Grant HD-06669 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.     

Further evidence for a gene influencing spatial ability

Data for six spatial tests from 927 families of European ancestry, 369 families of Japanese ancestry, and 93 families of Chinese ancestry from the Hawaiian Family Study of Cognition were subjected to unified mixed-model segregation analysis. Father, mother, son, and daughter data sets from each ethnic group were separately age-adjusted and standardized and then separately subjected to transformation procedures to reduce skewness and kurtosis. Families were reassociated prior to segregation analysis. Evidence for a major gene contributing to spatial visualizing ability was obtained for Mental Rotations and Progressive Matrices even with a normalizing transformation which reduced skewness and kurtosis to zero. It was concluded that provision for testing deviation from Mendelian transmission in the unified model protected against false inference of a segregating major gene. Minimizing distributional differences in the components of a data set is an important pretreatment.The results reported here are made possible by the collaboration of a group of investigators (G. C. Ashton, R. C. Johnson, M.-P. Mi, and M. N. Rashad at the University of Hawaii and J. C. DeFries, G. E. McClearn, S. G. Vandenberg, and J. R. Wilson at the University of Colorado) supported by NSF Grant GB 34720 and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant HD 06669. Support for I.B.B. was provided by NIMH Grant MH 14677.