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目的提出对学习策略和教学方式的改进建议。方法测试口腔医学生的场依存/独立认知风格,并用统计学方法分析其与口腔正畸学学习成绩的关系。结果①场独立认知风格是口腔医学专业学生认知风格的主体;②不同性别口腔医学专业学生的场依存/独立认知风格无显著性差异;③学生场依存/独立认知风格与口腔正畸学理论考试成绩有负相关倾向,与口腔正畸学实习操作成绩有正相关倾向。结论学习策略和教学方式因受认知风格的影响而制约学生学习的效果。 相似文献
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Monica Werngren-Elgstrm 《Occupational therapy international》1997,4(4):317-338
This study focuses on the communication strategies of occupational therapists. Many recent studies in occupational therapy emphasize the importance of having a client-oriented perspective; the needs and wishes of the patient should form the basis for treatment. Such a perspective brings to the fore the capacity of the therapist to enter into the life-world of the patient. Communication, dialogue between patient and therapist, is the basic source of such knowledge. In this paper, understanding verbal acts is seen as fundamentally problematic. The purpose is to analyse what strategies and tactics occupational therapists use to create a basis for their interpretation of patients' messages. What kinds of questions and other forms of verbal behaviour are utilized to check and verify these interpretations? A case-study of communication behaviour during five meetings between patients and therapists in the homes of the patients was undertaken. Seven types of tactics were observed and categorized as belonging to two different strategic dimensions: active-passive and abstract-concrete. Although active strategies were predominant, only one therapist consistently used a combination of ‘asking open questions’ and ‘verifying’ interpretations, the two most active tactics. Most therapists also asked the patients to concretely ‘show in action’ what they meant, but to a varying degree. A consistent use of active-concrete strategies is arguably an ideal way of seeking knowledge and understanding. Empirically, therapists differ in how closely they fit this ideal. This may be a result of training and experience, but also of degree of empathy. This study points to the importance of carefully developing communication strategies in order to fully understand the problems of the patients. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd. 相似文献
15.
In the Netherlands, prepubertal girls have been vaccinated against rubella since 1974 (the UK strategy). Recently the Dutch Health Council advocated the introduction of an elimination strategy: vaccination of 1- and 9-year-old children. Dynamic effects of both strategies are studied using deterministic and stochastic models. Estimates of several epidemiological parameters are given. All computations and simulations were performed using as much field data as possible. Under the old strategy a new equilibrium is expected around the years 1995 to 2000; the new strategy is estimated to eliminate rubella (CRS) in large parts of the population 3 to 5 years after its initiation. Possible consequences of the new strategy on a cluster of people who refuse vaccination are investigated. 相似文献
16.
Yifat Cohen Anthony Spirito Cheryl Sterling Deidre Donaldson Ronald Seifer Barry Plummer Ruscinda Avila Kathy Ferrer 《Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines》1996,37(8):989-993
Adolescents who were psychiatrically hospitalized ( N = 105) were classified as sexually abused, physically abused, both sexually and physically abused, or not abused, and studied to determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. Self-reports of hopelessness, depression, coping, and self-concept were also examined. No difference in suicidal behavior or psychiatric disorder, based on abuse history, was found, with one exception. Adolescents who were sexually abused, particularly those who experienced the most severe sexual abuse, used negative coping strategies more often than those not sexually abused. Findings suggest that symptomatology of adolescents who are psychiatrically hospitalized does not differ markedly based on history of abuse. 相似文献
17.
ANDREA SGOIFO SIETSE F DE BOER JOZSEF HALLER JAAP M KOOLHAAS 《Physiology & behavior》1996,60(6):1403-1407
Plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), and corticosterone (CS) responses to social and nonsocial stressors were studied in male members of a strain of wild-type rats, widely differing in their level of aggression. The aggressiveness was preliminarily established by measuring the latency time to attack (ALT) a male intruder in a standard resident-intruder test. Animals were then provided with a jugular vein cannula for blood sampling during stress exposure. Implanted rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental treatments: social stress (defeat experience, SD), nonsocial stress (presentation of a shock-prod, SP) and control (animals undisturbed in their home cages, CTR). A significant correlation was found between ALT and the amount of time spent in burying the probe in SP rats: the more aggressive the animal, the higher the rate of burying behavior. SD induced a much stronger effect on plasma NA, A, and CS concentrations than SP. A significant negative correlation was found between ALT scores and values of the area under the response time curve for NA and A, in both SD and SP situations: the more aggressive the animal, the higher the catecholaminergic reactivity to the stressors. On the contrary, no evidence of a correlation between aggressiveness and plasma corticosterone responses was found, neither in SD nor in SP rats. These findings in an unselected strain of wild-type rats confirmed that an aggressive/active coping strategy is associated with a high sympathetic-adrenomedullary activation and support the concept of individual differentiation in coping styles as a coherent set of behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics. 相似文献
18.
军队医科大学学员应对方式特点及心理状况调查 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
目的:本研究旨在掌握军队医科大学在校学员的应对方式特点,并进一步探讨应对方式和心理健康的关系,以便为军校的心理卫生工作提供重要的理论和实践依据.方法:运用简易应对方式量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对军医大学的4786名在校学员进行应对策略特点和健康水平进行评估.结果:(1)军队医科大学学员在面对挫折时,有30~40%的学员采取积极应对方式,而消极应对方式采用的较少(3~28%).(2)军队医科大学学员与国内军校大学生常模比较,其心理状况较好;学员采取的应对方式特点与其心理健康水平有一定的关系.结论: 军队医科大学应加强学员应对方式的教育,以更好的提高学员的心理健康. 相似文献
19.
Expression of CD80 and CD86 on Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Abe K Takasaki Y Ushiyama C Asakawa J Fukazawa T Seki M Hirashima M Ogaki M Hashimoto H 《Journal of clinical immunology》1999,19(1):58-66
CD80 and CD86 were detected in high amounts on circulating T cells in the peripheral blood of some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. Patients with other connective tissue diseases did not have a high percentage of T cells expressing CD80 or CD86 in their peripheral blood. CD80 was expressed mainly on CD4 T cells, whereas CD86 was expressed on CD8 T cells, and these two populations were associated with paticular clinical features. These two molecules were expressed on different T-cell populations and might have different roles in the generation and regulation of immune responses. Since high expression of CD86 on T cells was detected much earlier than the appearance of clinical features and a high titer of anti-DNA antibody, it may be a useful parameter for predicting the flare of SLE. 相似文献
20.
老年糖调节受损者不同转归情况应对方式的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨老年糖调节受损(IGR)者的应对方式特点,并比较不同转归情况的老年IGR者应对方式的差异.方法:对220例老年IGR者的空腹血浆葡萄糖(FPG)及口服葡萄糖试验2小时血浆葡萄糖(OGTT2hPG)进行测定,并用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对其应对方式进行评定,对不同转归情况的老年IGR者应对方式的差异进行比较.结果:老年IGR者的应对方式总体上是比较积极的,积极应对得分高于国内常模(P<0.001);有27.73%~78.64%的老年IGR者采用不同形式的积极应对方式,而4.09%~18.18%采取消极应对方式;不同转归组的老年IGR者应对方式的差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:在老年IGR者的心理干预中应多关注采用积极应对方式较少、消极应对方式较多的这些人群. 相似文献