2型糖尿病患者绝经期骨密度与甲状旁腺素、雌激素相关性研究

目的 观察2型糖尿病妇女绝经期骨密度与甲状旁腺素、雌激素相关性研究.方法 测定绝经期2型糖尿病妇女伴骨质疏松（A）组及绝经期2型糖尿病妇女无骨质疏松（B）组的左侧髋部股骨颈、大转子、华氏三角区、及腰椎L2～L4正侧位的骨密度和血清中骨代谢指标,如：骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷、甲状旁腺素、雌二醇、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端终肽（β-CTx）的浓度,对骨密度与多个变量之间的关系进行相关分析,并对（A）组血清中的甲状旁腺素、雌二醇、骨钙素、β-CTx与不同部位的骨密度之间的关系进行多元逐步回归分析.结果绝经期2型糖尿病妇女（B）组的腰椎、大转子、华氏三角区、股骨颈等骨密度指标明显低于对照组（A）（P＜0.05）;2型糖尿病绝经期妇女血清中雌二醇水平与腰椎L2～L4骨密度呈正相关（P＜0.032）;甲状旁腺素水平与股骨颈骨密度呈负相关（P＜0.034）.结论 绝经期2型糖尿病患者甲状旁腺素和雌激素水平与骨密度密切相关,分别可以用于预测骨质疏松发生的不同部位.     

TSP-1在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺癌中肿瘤血管生成与凝血酶敏感蛋白-1(TSP-1)表达的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测22例前列腺癌中微血管密度(MVD)值和TSP-1的表达,采用RT-PCR检测7例前列腺癌组织中TSP-1mRNA的表达。结果:前列腺癌中TSP-1阳性表达率为72.7%(16/22),绝大多数表达位于肿瘤细胞的胞质中,少数表达位于肿瘤细胞外基质。在22例前列腺癌组织中,平均MVD为71.21±31.14/100倍视野,具有TSP-1强表达的肿瘤组织中MVD值较高。7例前列腺癌组织均表达TSP-1mRNA,TSP-1mRNA在前列腺癌的各期肿瘤组织呈高水平表达。TSP-1的免疫活性与微血管密度间呈显著地相关性(r=0.54,P=0.009)。结论:TSP-1在前列腺癌组织中呈高表达,与前列腺癌的血管生成相关,可能有促进前列腺癌血管生长的作用。     

Risedronate Reduces the Risk of First Vertebral Fracture in Osteoporotic Women

Risedronate treatment reduces the risk of vertebral fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures, but its efficacy in prevention of the first vertebral fracture in women with osteoporosis but without vertebral fractures has not been determined. We examined the risk of first vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women who were enrolled in four placebo-controlled clinical trials of risedronate and who had low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (mean T-score =–3.3) and no vertebral fractures at baseline. Subjects received risedronate 5 mg (n= 328) or placebo (n= 312) daily for up to 3 years; all subjects were given calcium (1000 mg daily), as well as vitamin D supplementation (up to 500 IU daily) if baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were low. The incidence of first vertebral fracture was 9.4% in the women treated with placebo and 2.6% in those treated with risedronate 5 mg (risk reduction of 75%, 95% confidence interval 37% to 90%; P= 0.002). The number of patients who would need to be treated to prevent one new vertebral fracture is 15. When subjects were stratified by age, similar significant reductions were observed in patients with a mean age of 64 years (risk reduction of 70%, 95% CI 8% to 90%; P= 0.030) and in those with a mean age of 76 years (risk reduction of 80%, 95% CI 7% to 96%; P= 0.024). Risedronate treatment therefore significantly reduces the risk of first vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, with a similar magnitude of effect early and late after the menopause. Received: 12 September 2001 / Accepted: 11 December 2001     

Prevention of Bone Loss by Clodronate in Early Postmenopausal Women with Vertebral Osteopenia: A Dose-Finding Study

This double-masked, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of oral clodronate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women with vertebral osteopenia. Altogether 610 women with a mean age of 53 years were recruited for the study. They were 1–5 years postmenopausal and their lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was at least 1 standard deviation below the mean of premenopausal women (T-score ≤−1). The subjects were randomized into five study groups to receive either placebo, clodronate 65 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg daily, or intermittent clodronate in 3 month cycles with 400 mg daily for 15 days followed with no treatment for 75 days for 3 years. One hundred and eighty-seven of 509 women who completed the primary study continued in the extension study of 2 years in which previous placebo users were switched to clodronate 800 mg daily, while previous users of 400 mg or 800 mg of clodronate used either placebo or 800 mg of clodronate daily. In the primary study clodronate was administered in the evening, and in the extension 1 h before breakfast on an empty stomach. In the primary study mean changes in lumbar spine BMD were −3.4% in the placebo group and +0.4% in 800 mg clodronate group [difference between groups at 3 years 3.8% (95% CI 2.7% to 4.9%, p<0.0001)], and in the trochanter area BMD −1.1% in the placebo group, and + 0.4% in the 800 mg clodronate group [difference between groups at 3 years 1.5% (95% CI 0.05% to 2.9%)]. During the extension study mean changes in lumbar spine BMD were +1.5% in the clodronate group and −0.2 % in the placebo group [difference between groups 1.7% (CI 0.4% to 3.0%, p = 0.010)] and in trochanter BMD were +2.5% in the clodronate group and no change in the placebo group [difference between groups 2.1% (CI 0.3% to 3.9%, p = 0.007)]. No statistically significant differences between the placebo and 800 mg clodronate groups were found in the femoral neck BMD. In the primary study the urinary excretion of type I collagen aminoterminal telopeptide (NTX) decreased by 44% (p<0.0001 compared with placebo) and that of deoxypyridinoline by 18% (p<0.0001) in the clodronate 800 mg group. In the extension study urinary NTX decreased by 51% (p<0.0001) in those who were switched to 800 mg of clodronate and increased by 67% (p<0.0001) in those who stopped using that dose. There was no difference in the frequency of gastrointestinal complaints between clodronate- and placebo-treated patients in the primary study, but they were more common among women who received clodronate in the extension phase. Clodronate in daily doses of 400–800 mg caused a slight elevation of aminotransferase levels, usually within the reference range. In bone biopsies no defect in mineralization was found. In conclusion, clodronate in a daily dose of 800 mg prevents early postmenopausal bone loss at the sites of the skeleton in which cancellous bone predominates. It effectively reduces bone resorption and bone turnover rate. Antifracture efficacy of clodronate remains to be established by prospective, placebo-controlled trials. Received: 4 March 2002 / Accepted: 9 July 2002     

183例老年人骨密度检测分析

目的 :研究老年人不同疾病时骨密度 (BMD)的分布情况。方法 :用DXADAS 6 0 0EX型骨密度仪对183例老年患者进行左侧远程桡骨加尺骨BMD检测。结果 :内分泌疾病组、消化道疾病组和其它疾病组的患病率分别为 72 7% ,2 0 6 %和 31 4 %。T值比较 :三组差异明显 (P <0 0 0 1)。累积骨丢失率 (ABLR)比较 :前一组明显高于后两组病人 (P <0 0 1)。BMD比较中 ,内分泌和其它疾病组明显低于消化道疾病组 (P <0 0 0 1)。相关分析显示 ,内分泌和消化道疾病组的年龄变化与BMD呈正相关 (r =0 5 19P <0 0 0 1和r =0 5 89P <0 0 0 1) ,内分泌疾病组和其它疾病组的体重变化与BMD呈正相关 (r=0 918P <0 0 0 1和r =0 338P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :老年人骨质疏松 (OP)患病率以内分泌疾病组最高 ,消化道疾病组较低 ;随年龄和体重增加 ,BMD降低加重。     

单能量X线测定骨密度的初步分析

目的：了解温州地区人群不同年龄组骨质疏松患病率及同年龄组男女骨质疏松患病的差异，强调早期预防治疗老年人及绝经期妇女骨质疏松的重要性，方法：应用单能量X线（SXA）骨密度仪测量246例正常人的右跟骨骨密度，结果：男性大于60岁组较小于60岁组骨密度（BMD）降低明显（P＜0．05）；女性50岁以上组与小于50岁组相比，BMD下降差异有极显性（P＜0．01）；各年龄组男女相比，男性BMD明显高于女性（P＜0．05）。结论：女性骨质疏松症的发病大多以绝经后为主，雌激素在维持骨量方面具有重要的作用。SXA检测的跟骨含95％小梁骨，能较好地确定骨质疏松的风险水平，且其具有价廉、简便，快捷，较准确等特点，故不失为一种较好的临床筛查手段。     

血管内皮生长因子与乳腺癌临床病理因素及预后的关系

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法对1985年至1986年手术治疗的109例乳腺癌的原发灶进行血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管密度（MVD）检测，并与临床病理资料进行比较分析。结果：VEGF强表达组淋巴结转移率（52．2％）和病理分级明显高于弱表达且（23．5％，P＜0．05）；随VEGF表达强度的增加，生存率（5年、10年、15年）呈下降趋势，但无明显差异；VEGF与肿瘤大小、绝经状况、雌孕激素受体之间未见相关性。结论：VEGF表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移和病理分级呈正相关，与预后呈负相关趋势，是估计恶性程度的有用指标，对判断预后有参考价值。     

膀胱移行细胞癌Mta-1基因与蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的:检测膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中Mta-1mRNA与蛋白表达,分析其与BTCC临床分期、病理分级、转移及复发的关系。方法:原位杂交、免疫组化方法检测42例BTCC组织Mta-1mRNA与蛋白的表达;CD34标记血管内皮细胞,计数肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD);结合临床病理资料,分析Mta-1与BTCC的侵袭转移、血管生成及复发间的关系。结果:①Mta-1mRNA与蛋白在BTCC中高度表达,其表达阳性率分别为78.6%、73.8%,与正常组织比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随BTCC临床分期及病理分级的升高而增加,肿瘤复发组高于无复发组,肿瘤转移组高于无转移组(P<0.05)。②经非参数相关分析发现,Mta-1蛋白与Mta-1mR-NA表达呈高度正相关,Rs为0.945,P=0.000;CD34标染的微血管密度(MVD)与Mta-1mRNA与蛋白表达亦呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.712、0.683,P=0.000。结论:①Mta-1在膀胱移行细胞癌中高度表达,并随着肿瘤临床分期和病理分级的升高而增加,与肿瘤的转移及复发密切相关。②Mta-1参与膀胱移行细胞癌的侵袭、转移,可能与促进血管生成有关。