成年国人腰椎棘突间区域的X线影像学研究及其临床意义

目的为腰椎棘突间内置物的临床应用提供影像学依据。方法根据正侧位X线片测量360例门诊患者L3－S1段脊柱的棘突间距、棘突顶距、棘突中央高度及棘突厚度,对测量数据行正态性检验和方差分析。数据均在医院PACS系统（Kodak Carestream Diagnostic Workstation软件）上测量,数值精确到0.01 mm。结果①L4/L5的棘突间距比L3/L4和L5/S1小。②棘突顶距自上而下逐渐减小。③棘突厚度无明显差异,大多为7－8 mm。④棘突中央高度从上到下逐渐减小。⑤男性L4/L5的棘突间距比女性大,所有棘突顶距男性均比女性大,男性S1棘突比女性厚,女性的棘突较短。⑥L4,5的棘突厚度年长的比年轻的厚一些。结论通过本研究,在一定程度上提供了国人腰椎棘突间区域的影像学数据,为腰椎棘突间内置物的临床应用提供了影像学基础。     

髋臼内壁内移截骨全髋置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良的有限元分析及临床意义

目的 通过计算机辅助设计有限元分析,找寻髋臼内壁截骨的合适内移范围,为临床工作提供理论依据.方法 利用SolidWorks 2005软件,建立髋臼发育不良骨盆的三维模型,模拟髋臼内壁内移截骨术式,使髋臼内壁骨从未完全陷入盆腔内保持2 mm骨性接触处开始,逐渐内移至完全陷入盆腔内7 mm处,每隔1 mm为1个实验组,分成10个实验组.每组髋臼人为划成4个象限,分别对各组假体臼-骨界面间进行计算机模拟对比力学实验分析,测量出髋臼假体-骨界面间的Mises应力及剪切应力值,找寻出应力分布较为均匀的实验组.结果 Mises应力及剪切应力均有1个象限内的值较大,通过2次统计学分析计算,得出实验结果.结论 当髋臼内壁内移至未完全陷入盆腔内1 mm处到完全陷入盆腔内1 mm处的范围内,髋臼假体-骨界面间的应力分布均匀,最佳位置在完全陷入盆腔内1 mm处.     

集束化治疗对重型颅脑外伤呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床研究

目的探讨重型颅脑外伤呼吸机相关性肺炎患者集束化治疗效果。方法采用单中心前后对照研究。对本院ICU2008年6月1日至2010年5月31日重型颅脑外伤有创机械通气患者41例实施呼吸机集束化治疗。所用患者采取头高位、加强口咽部护理、声门下间断冲洗引流、检查患者及各项操作前严格洗手、定期更换呼吸机管道等集束化治疗措施。观察其体温、痰量、血象、胸部X线片及下呼吸道细菌检查、机械通气时间、住ICU时间、28天病死率;取本院ICU2006年6月1日至2008年5月31日重型颅脑外伤有创机械通气患者44例作为对照。结果集束化治疗后,患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生较对照组有显著下降,住ICU时间明显缩短。结论集束化治疗能有效降低重型颅脑外伤呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生。     

Gender differences in 3D morphology and bony impingement of human hips

For the proper diagnosis or treatment of hip joint disorders caused by anatomical abnormalities, the normal hip joint morphology must be studied to understand its influence on the maximum range of motion (ROM) until bony impingement by focusing on gender differences. Acetabular and femoral morphologies were analyzed from 3D CT images of 106 normal hip joints from elderly men (n = 36 joints) and women (n = 70 joints), and measurements of ROM until bony impingement were made in four directions (flexion, extension, and external and internal rotation at 90° flexion) using surface models of the pelvis and femur reconstructed from the CT data. Gender differences were found not only in joint orientation, including anteversion and inclination of the acetabulum and femoral neck anteversion, but also in the shape around the joint, including the acetabular rim and the femoral neck. This ROM study also showed gender differences in all four standard directions. In conclusion, significant gender differences were observed in the acetabular and femoral morphology, which led to significant gender differences in ROM until bony impingement. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:333–339, 2011     

Pentafecta: a new concept for reporting outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Background

Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen screening has resulted in younger and healthier men being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Their demands and expectations of surgical intervention are much higher and cannot be adequately addressed with the classic trifecta outcome measures.

Objective

A new and more comprehensive method for reporting outcomes after radical prostatectomy, the pentafecta, is proposed.

Design, setting, and participants

From January 2008 through September 2009, details of 1111 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. Of 626 potent men, 332 who underwent bilateral nerve sparing and who had 1 yr of follow-up were included in the study group.

Measurements

In addition to the traditional trifecta outcomes, two perioperative variables were included in the pentafecta: no postoperative complications and negative surgical margins. Patients who attained the trifecta and concurrently the two additional outcomes were considered as having achieved the pentafecta. A logistic regression model was created to evaluate independent factors for achieving the pentafecta.

Results and limitations

Continence, potency, biochemical recurrence–free survival, and trifecta rates at 12 mo were 96.4%, 89.8%, 96.4%, and 83.1%, respectively. With regard to the perioperative outcomes, 93.4% had no postoperative complication and 90.7% had negative surgical margins. The pentafecta rate at 12 mo was 70.8%. On multivariable analysis, patient age (p = 0.001) was confirmed as the only factor independently associated with the pentafecta.

Conclusions

A more comprehensive approach for reporting prostate surgery outcomes, the pentafecta, is being proposed. We believe that pentafecta outcomes more accurately represent patients’ expectations after minimally invasive surgery for prostate cancer. This approach may be beneficial and may be used when counseling patients with clinically localized disease.     

男性不育的辅助生殖技术处理:潜在风险与思考

辅助生殖技术是上世纪末出现的治疗男性不育的重要手段,它在男性不育的治疗中有着不可替代的作用,但有关男性不育的辅助生殖技术处理也存在潜在风险,在男性不育的诊疗中如何规避这些潜在风险值得男性生殖健康领域的工作者思考。本文对辅助生殖技术潜在风险进行总结,同时,为提高男性不育的治疗效果,尽量减少辅助生殖技术带来的风险,提出了包括患者的评估、健康教育以及治疗等男性不育规范化处理方面的一些建议,并强调病因处理和抗氧化治疗在男性不育治疗中的重要作用。     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的内镜辅助手术

手术是治疗原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的重要途径。近年来,随着术前、术中定位技术的发展,传统的颈部双侧甲状旁腺探查手术所占的比例正在逐年减少,微创手术已经成为趋势,借助内镜完成甲状旁腺手术就是其中的主要方法,包括完全内镜下甲状旁腺手术和内镜辅助甲状旁腺手术。本文拟就原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的内镜辅助甲状旁腺手术进行综述。     

小切口联合粘贴式负压冲吸器在直肠肛管周围脓肿治疗中的应用

目的探讨小切口联合粘贴式负压冲吸器治疗直肠肛管周围脓肿的效果。方法将我科2007年2月至2010年9月收治的362例直肠肛管周围脓肿患者随机分两组,183例（实验组）采用小切17联合粘贴式负压冲吸器治疗,179例（对照组）采用切开引流治疗,对比两种方法治疗效果。结果两组在治愈率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但实验组缩短手术时间及住院时间,缩小手术切口长度,并降低术后疼痛评分,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在直肠肛管周同脓肿治疗中,小切口联合粘贴式负压冲吸器具有手术时间及住院时间短、创伤小、术后疼痛轻的特点,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Predictive factors for the effect of the α1-D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil on subjective and objective criteria in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)
Level of Evidence 1b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? α‐blockers may have little effect in the facilitation of storage and emptying in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Naftopidil is a novel α‐blocker, which is selective for the α1‐D/A adrenoceptor. This study showed the first objective evidence for the effect of naftopidil in treatment of NLUTD patients by pressure‐flow study.

OBJECTIVES

? To assess the effect of α1‐D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil on patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) and voiding difficulty. ? To explore the effectiveness of naftopidil in these patients by using urodynamic variables, including pressure flow study (PFS), and to find good and simple parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Post‐void residual urine (PVR), and uroflowmetry (UFM) parameters) as substitution of PFS for predicting the effect of naftopidil.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? The main inclusion and exclusion criteria were, IPSS ≥8, voiding symptoms with IPSS ≥5, IPSS‐quality of life (QOL) ≥2, PVR ≥50 mL, and without prostatic enlargement ≥20 mL. ? After initial assessment, patients were stepwisely administered for 12 weeks with the following: placebo for 2 weeks, naftopidil 25 mg/day for 2 weeks, naftopidil 50 mg/day for 2 weeks, and naftopidil 75 mg/day for 6 weeks. At the end of both placebo and 6 weeks’ naftopidil 75 mg/day, their IPSS, UFM, PVR, and PFS were assessed. ? A total of 82 Japanese patients (men 40, women 42) with lower urinary tract symptoms complicated by NLUTD, with a mean age of 63.9 years, were included from private or institutional clinics. ? The lesions were spinal cord 42, and peripheral nervous system 40. The spinal cord lesions were all lumbar spine (injury or lumbar canal stenosis).

RESULTS

? In all patients, pressure at maximum urinary flow rate (P_detQ_max) in PFS significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and maximum urinary flow rate in UFM significantly increased (P < 0.01). Analysis of data for men and for women also showed a significant decrease in PVR, %PVR, and total IPSS score. ? The degree of improvement of voided volume, PVR (%), and IPSS in patients with PVR <300 mL was significantly greater than those in patients with PVR ≥300 mL. ? The degree of improvement of P_detQ_max in PFS, and IPSS in patients with bladder contractility was significantly greater than that in patients without bladder contractility.

CONCLUSIONS

? α1‐D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil has a significant effect on both symptoms and urodynamic variables of patients of both genders with NLUTD in Japan. ? PVR <300 mL and bladder contractility are predictive factors for the efficacy of naftopidil on patients with NLUTD.     

磁共振仿真内窥镜成像技术临床应用的初步探讨

目的探讨ＭＲ仿真内窥镜（ＶＥ）技术与方法的临床应用。方法 将６２例ＭＲ水成像（尿路３３例,胰胆管１６例,椎管８例,脑室５例）和２０例ＭＲ血管造影（脑,腹部各１０例）二维或三维扫描数据传输至工作站,用寻航软件选择适当成像方式,阈值,视角及方向和人工伪彩色重建沿管腔长轴行进的内表面图像。结果 ＭＲ ＶＥ获得了逼真的尿路,胰胆管,椎管,脑室和血管纤维内窥镜样管腔内表面图像,较好地显示了内腔,分叉处及出口