The child's conception of psychiatric cure

Twenty-two sequentially hospitalized children on a preadolescent psychiatric unit were videotaped with a semi-structured Piagetian-type interview that focused on assessing their understanding of why they were in the hospital, how they conceptualized their problems and how they thought they would get better or cured. We found six categories of “cure”: 1) there was no cure for their problems; 2) cure meant reversal of some behaviors; 3) cure involved some internal change; 4) cure was equivalent to being discharged; 5) cure meant changingother people; and 6) idiosyncratic answers. Our findings suggest that it is useful to clarify a child's understanding of treatment and cure in order to target more understandable and effective treatment.     

医学本科生对临床专业课双语教学的理解和要求

对医学本科生医学专业课实行双语教学是近1—2年开展的新的教学手段，有关经验不多。为了解医学本科生对临床专业课实行双语教学的理解和要求，我们随机选择了200名正在进行医学专业课学习的大学四年级医学生进行了无记名问卷调查，共收回有效问卷答卷193份．在对双语教学的理解、对双语教学必要性的认同、对双语教学授课方式的要求和对双语教师的要求这四个方面进行了总结和分析，为提高双语教学的质量提供了宝贵的依据。     

从"四个方面"看对口支援发展趋势

从全面建设小康社会的高度重视对口支援工作是两校开展合作的前提。学科建设、师资队伍建设是对口支援最需要的切入点和结合点。远程网络教学是对口支援最实惠的发展面。学生受益是对口支援最根本的落脚点。从这“四个方面”去全面贯彻落实教育部“对口支援西部地区高等学校计划”精神，是对口支援两校成功的做法和今后发展的趋势。     

The visual politics of animals in bioscience--earmice in the public sphere

This paper reports on a UK social science and anthropological study into the debates surrounding xenotransplantation (XT), involving interviews and focus group discussions across a number of different stakeholders (scientists, regulators and publics--including patient groups and other lay participants). In these discussions, one image in particular--that of 'earmouse'--surfaced repeatedly in consideration of XT and allied areas of bioscience. Whilst the image itself has little technically in common with XT or transgenic biotechnologies, it has nevertheless become ineradicably connected with them. This paper seeks to make sense of earmouse as an iconic reference through which people articulate their differing and highly contested views on bioscience.     

Parents’ views on information in childhood cancer care

Purpose

The aim of the study is to highlight parents’ views on information in childhood cancer care.

Method

A qualitative design, appropriate to gain a holistic view, has been chosen. Eight families with children diagnosed with cancer, of various ages and gender and from various backgrounds, participated in five interviews each during the first year of the child’s illness.

Results

If the parents’ needs were fulfilled, they were better equipped to handle the illness of their child, which is totally dependant on how the matter of information is dealt with. Information is a complex and demanding issue for the persons involved and the families’ views were divergent in this area. Sometimes they seemed to obtain the information successfully and sometimes there were great problems in this respect. Therefore their preferences must be considered.

Conclusion

There has to be an improvement from the aspects of what, when and how information is provided. The major findings of this study indicate that the families need better support and more distinct instructions to be able to cope with the situation.     

昆明市金星社区居民心理咨询知晓率调查

目的了解社区居民对心理咨询的知晓率,为开展心理卫生服务作决策依据。方法采用现场调查方法,使用自行设计的心理咨询知晓率调查问卷,共20条问题,由志愿者自己填写问卷。结果受访者女性多于男性,年龄多在40～59岁(71.43%),初中及初中以上的文化居多,多为退休及无工作的低收入者。59.52%主要通过报刊、书籍了解心理咨询,40.48%承认自己存在不同程度的心理问题,认为子女教育(26.19%),社会适应(19.05%)是当前最感到困惑和痛苦的问题,但愿接受心理咨询的人不多,47.6%认为现在寻求心理咨询不方便。多愿接受谈心式的心理咨询(40.48%),57.14%认为心理咨询师应由心理专业人员担任。结论居民有心理卫生保健的需求,但对心理咨询的认识不足,心理卫生的宣传和教育亟待加强。     

基于深度教学理念在眼战伤早期急救护理教学中的应用研究

目的 探讨深度教学理念引导下的眼战伤早期急救护理教学应用效果。方法 64名参加眼战伤早期急救护理培训的眼科护士被分为两组,对照组26人,观察组38人。对照组理论部分采用清单式自主学习,操作技能采用传统示教法;观察组基于深度教学的理念,从促进理解、启发反思、沉浸式体验3个维度进行教学设计并实施理论和实践教学。对比分析两组护士一般资料和实施前、后理论成绩,操作成绩及护士核心能力得分情况。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果 两组护士在年龄、眼科工作年限、学历、职称等一般资料上差异无统计学意义。实施前两组护士理论成绩、操作成绩和护士核心能力得分比较差异均无统计学意义;实施后观察组护士理论成绩[（90.13±5.87） vs. （81.73±4.68）,P<0.001],两项操作成绩[（95.63±2.81） vs. （87.31±4.51）,P<0.001];[（96.24±2.74） vs. （89.08±4.50）,P<0.001]均优于对照组;观察组护士核心能力量表的评判性思维得分[（34.00±1.93） vs. （30.58±3.01）,P<0.001]和临床护理能力得分[（32.13±1.65） vs. （28.35±2.28）,P<0.001]优于对照组。结论 基于深度教学理念的教学模式有助于提升眼科护士关于眼战伤早期急救的相关知识、急救技能、临床反思及护理能力,利于提高军队临床护士的思想觉悟和练兵备战意识。     

Do people with diabetes understand their clinical marker of long-term glycemic control (HbA1c levels) and does this predict diabetes self-care behaviours and HbA1c?

Objective

Research demonstrates that patients have a poor understanding of glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and that this impacts on effective diabetes self-management. This study attempted to replicate these findings in a UK outpatient sample of people with diabetes.

Method

83 participants were recruited and asked to fill in a questionnaire assessing their understanding of HbA1c, diabetes self-care behaviours and diabetes-specific self-efficacy in relation to carrying out these self-care behaviours.

Results

Only 26.5% of the participants were classified as having a good understanding of HbA1c. Correlational and univariate analyses indicated that this level of understanding was related to demographic variables, HbA1c levels and certain aspects of self-care and self-efficacy. A series of multiple regressions found that understanding was a significant predictor of HbA1c levels.

Conclusion

The majority of participants seemed to have a poor understanding of HbA1c and this was related to aspects of their diabetes management, self-efficacy and HbA1c levels.

Practical implications

These findings provide support for the application of programmes and initiatives aimed at improving patients understanding of clinical disease markers.     

少数民族护生对被动吸烟与人群健康相关性认识的调查

目的了解护理专业少数民族学生对被动吸烟与人群健康相关性的认识。方法采用整群抽样调查的方法,对216名本、专科少数民族护生就有关个人一般情况、受被动吸烟危害的现况以及对被动吸烟与人群健康相关性认识等内容进行了问卷调查,应用χ2检验进行分析。结果被调查的少数民族护生中,维吾尔族195人(90.3%),哈萨克族18人(8.3%),其他民族3人(1.4%);72.7%的护生经常受到被动吸烟危害的影响,其影响主要来源于公共场所,为50.3%;对被动吸烟与健康相关性有一定认识,65.0%以上护生认为被动吸烟与(支)气管炎、肺癌等疾病有关,而认为被动吸烟与孕妇流产或早产、心脏病等有关的认知比例较低,分别为31.0%和18.1%;有61.6%的护生认为被动吸烟会严重危害人体健康;不同学历的民族护生对有关控烟的态度不同,差别有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论少数民族护生受公共场所被动吸烟危害影响严重,对被动吸烟与健康相关性认识还存在局限性,对有关控烟态度的赞同率,本科护生明显高于专科护生。应进一步加大有关吸烟危害健康知识的宣传,加强对公共场所实施控烟措施的力度,减少吸烟和被动吸烟,提高人群健康水平。