超声波技术替代冰冻切片技术在甲状腺术中快速制片的应用

目的试验超声波技术在甲状腺手术过程中替代冰冻切片技术快速制出病理切片,探寻适合甲状腺冰冻切片的替代制片技术。方法 2018年4月23日临床手术送检的活体组织,同一块组织按照1.0 cm×1.0 cm×0.1 cm取材六块,随机等分为三组。分别设置80 min,70 min,55 min每一个程序总的试验时间,观察最终切片与冰冻切片的质量对比。结果在取材标准的情况下,采用C组制片质量能够达到快速诊断要求,三组的切片质量均优于冰冻切片质量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但是A、B两组相对组织处理的时间较长,三组切片质量均势的情况下,C组更能符合替代快速冰冻切片的要求。结论超声波快速处理仪可以帮助解决术中的甲状腺手术快速制片的要求。     

Offspring genetic effects on maternal care

Parental care is found widely across animal taxa and is manifest in a range of behaviours from basic provisioning in cockroaches to highly complex behaviours seen in mammals. The evolution of parental care is viewed as the outcome of an evolutionary cost/benefit trade-off between investing in current and future offspring, leading to the selection of traits in offspring that influence parental behaviour. Thus, level and quality of parental care are affected by both parental and offspring genetic differences that directly and indirectly influence parental care behaviour. While significant research effort has gone into understanding how parental genomes affect parental, and mostly maternal, behaviour, few studies have investigated how offspring genomes affect parental care. In this review, we bring together recent findings across different fields focussing on the mechanism and genetics of offspring effects on maternal care in mammals.     

Ultrasonic resonator technology as a new quality control method evaluating gelatin nanoparticles

Nanomedicine is a quickly evolving field where more and more possible applications become evident and start entering clinical trials or even the market. However, the analytic methods are not always able to keep pace with the new formulations’ demands. One example of a promising medical implementation is oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) delivery by gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs). Currently, quality control is dependent on either some time consuming or destructive spectrometric, chromatographic or electrophoretic methods. A possible enlargement of the portfolio by Ultrasonic Resonator Technology (URT) is investigated here by subjecting plain GNPs in various sizes and concentrations as well as ODN-loaded GNPs to URT analysis. If calibrated by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and other spectroscopy methods for each single nanoparticle system parameter, URT is an efficient and non-destructive technique and serves as a broad characterization method. URT is emphasized to play a possible future part in the size, concentration and ODN loading monitoring, e.g. of gelatin nanoparticles in the course of formulation development.     

应用响应面法优化rakicidin B的提取工艺

目的 建立小单孢菌FIM02523菌液中rakicidin B组分安全有效的提取方法。方法 在单因素试验以及稳定性研究的基础上，选取三因素三水平，采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化设计确定rakicidin B组分最佳提取条件。结果与结论 对rakicidin B提取率的主要影响因素依次为提取次数、料液比和提取溶剂的体积百分比浓度。优化修正后的提取条件为：常温下(4~40℃)、pH值6~7.5、提取溶剂为90%乙醇溶液、料液比1:3(V/V)、提取时间0.5h和提取次数2次，rakicidin B总提取率达到98.58%。     

Which Parameters Affect Biofilm Removal with Acoustic Cavitation? A Review

Bacterial biofilms are a cause of contamination in a wide range of medical and biological areas. Ultrasound is a mechanical energy that can remove these biofilms using cavitation and acoustic streaming, which generate shear forces to disrupt biofilm from a surface. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the literature on the mechanical removal of biofilm using acoustic cavitation to identify the different operating parameters affecting its removal using this method. The properties of the liquid and the properties of the ultrasound have a large impact on the type of cavitation generated. These include gas content, temperature, surface tension, frequency of ultrasound and acoustic pressure. For many of these parameters, more research is required to understand their mechanisms in the area of ultrasonic biofilm removal, and further research will help to optimise this method for effective removal of biofilms from different surfaces.     

超声功能成像在脂肪性肝病研究中的应用进展

脂肪性肝病(Fatty Liver Disease)是我国目前最常见的肝脏病变,主要与过多脂肪蓄积在肝细胞内有关。患者早期常无明显临床表现,晚期有进展为肝硬化的风险。因此,应着眼于早期诊断和预后的判断。超声检查具有无创、便捷、实时、廉价及无辐射等特点,在临床工作中应用广泛。随着超声检查新技术的不断发展,以超声检查新技术为基础的功能成像在脂肪性肝病诊断方面显示出较大的优势,本文主要针对超声功能成像在脂肪性肝病中的应用予以总结分析。     

超声监测药物流产的临床指导作用

目的为了减少不全流产的发生率，准确的评价超声在药物流产中的作用，并选择不同的治疗方案。方法对270例药物流产患者流产前后进行超声监测并对效果进行评估。结果270例中流产成功258例，流产不金22例，流产失败5例；流产失败患者根据超声所见宫内回声多少给予不同的处理。结论超声不仅能对药物流产的全过程进行监测，还可根据药物流产后出血的子宫的血流特点，为临床分析药物流产后出血时间延长的原因提供依据，并可根据子宫内超声图像指导临床治疗。     

白内障冷超声乳化手术临床疗效评价

目的：探讨白内障冷超声乳化手术的临床疗效。方法选取本院在2011年2月-2013年2月收治的110例（128眼）白内障患者作为研究对象，所有患者均采用冷超声乳化手术进行治疗，观察本组患者的治疗效果。结果本组患者术后的视力恢复良好，术后1个月及3个月的裸眼视力、矫正视力、球镜度、散光度比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后有2眼（1.56%）发生囊膜破裂，但玻璃体无外溢，有2眼（1.56%）发生晶体悬韧带断离。有22眼（17.19%）出现角膜水肿。结论在白内障的临床治疗中，应用冷超声乳化手术具有显著的治疗效果，同时安全性好、损伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快，值得推广应用。     

宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1联合宫颈超声测量对预测早产的价值探讨

目的联合应用两种对于早产预测的敏感性、特异性、阳性及阴性预测值均较高的方法，进一步提高早产的预测率，提高对于早产发生时间的预测准确度，对预测阳性者及早进行有效干预，改善围产儿结局。方法符合入组条件的孕妇，取膀胱结石位，常规消毒外阴、窥器暴露宫颈后取宫颈管内分泌物，测定宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1（IGFBP-1）后再使用GE—E8型彩超经阴道测量宫颈结构，并计算出宫颈指数。结果IGFBP-1阳性对于早产预测的阳性率为65．0％；阴性预测率为89．1％。宫颈指数（〈0．5）对于早产预测的阳性率为60．0％；阴性预测率为91．7％。二者结合对于早产预测的阳性率为90．0％；阴性预测率为96．7％。结论测定宫颈IGFBP-1，并行超声测量宫颈管产度二者联合对于预测早产的发生明显优于单一方法。     

内镜下经口入路颌下腺切除术的临床分析

目的探讨内镜辅助经口入路颌下腺切除的有效性、安全性和可行性。方法经鼻插管全麻后，沿颌下腺导管开口至磨牙后区的下颌舌颌沟做弧形切口，内镜辅助下分别沿下颌下腺导管，切断与颌下腺有关的神经、血管、导管，将颌下腺切除。结果5例患者均顺利切除颌下腺，1例出现暂时性舌体麻木，2周后恢复。无面神经下颌缘支及舌下神经损伤,无其他并发症。颈部无瘢痕，美容效果好。结论内镜辅助下经口入路颌下腺切除术安全、可行，值得临床推广应用。