鸢尾异黄酮提取工艺研究及含量测定

目的:研究鸢尾中异黄酮的提取工艺及含量测定方法.方法:采用正交试验进行优选,考察乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间等因素对异黄酮得率的影响,并采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.结果:乙醇用量和提取次数是主要的影响因素.鸢尾最佳提取工艺为药材粉碎为20目,加入10倍量80%的乙醇于85℃重复提取2次,每次1 h.结论:本提取工艺可行;紫外分光光度法简单、快速、准确.     

明目地黄丸中牡丹皮白芍的含量测定

目的:建立紫外分光光度法测定明目地黄丸中牡丹皮、白芍两味中药总丹皮酚含量。方法:按《中国药典》2000年版一部收载六味地黄丸中牡丹皮含量测定方法,以水蒸气蒸馏丹皮酚,通过测定274nm最大吸收波长处紫外吸收进行含量测定。结果:明目地黄丸总丹皮酚的紫外图谱与六味地黄丸中丹皮酚的紫外图谱完全一致,且阴性对照吸收度可忽略不计。结论:本法简便、快速、专属性强、重现性好。     

紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定利巴韦林片含量的比较

目的:建立紫外分光光度法测定利巴韦林片的含量.方法:采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分别测定利巴韦林片的含量.结果:紫外分光光度法平均回收率为100.9%,RSD=0.57%(n=5);高效液相色谱法平均回收率为99.9%,RSD=0.86%(n=5).结论:紫外分光光度法简便、快速,两种方法测定结果一致(P＞0.05).     

紫外分光光度法测定甲硝唑栓剂中的主药含量

目的 建立甲硝唑栓剂中甲硝唑含量的紫外分光光度检测方法。方法 采用吸收系数法：E^1m=377；检测波长：277nm。结果 甲硝唑回归方程：C=-16．681 235．540A，r=0．9998，平均回收率为100．1％，RSD为0．24％。结论 本法快速，方便，结果准确，辅料无干扰。适用于该制剂中甲硝唑的含量测定。     

半红树植物海薯藤的形态组织鉴定

目的:对半红树植物海薯藤Ipomo pes-caprae(Linn.)Sweet进行鉴别研究.方法:观察性状、横切面、粉末、理化等特征.结果:发现其茎叶的横切面特征明显,紫外光谱扫描发现明显的吸收峰.结论:可以根据其性状和组织构造的特征可作为生药学鉴定的依据.     

清浊祛毒丸中丹皮酚含量测定

目的 测定清浊祛毒丸中丹皮酚的含量。方法 采用水蒸气蒸镏—紫外光谱法,检测波长为274nm。结果 丹皮酚在1.944～48.60μg线性关系良好(r=0.9997),平均回收率为97.29％(RSD=1.30％,n=6)。结论 本法可作为清浊祛毒丸质量控制标准。     

Comparison of homeopathic globules prepared from high and ultra-high dilutions of various starting materials by ultraviolet light spectroscopy

ObjectiveHomeopathic globules are commonly used in clinical practice, while research focuses on liquid potencies. Sequential dilution and succussion in their production process has been proposed to change the physico-chemical properties of the solvent(s). It has been reported that aqueous potencies of various starting materials showed significant differences in ultraviolet light transmission compared to controls and between different dilution levels. The aim of the present study was to repeat and expand these experiments to homeopathic globules.MethodsGlobules were specially produced for this study by Spagyros AG (Gümligen, Switzerland) from 6 starting materials (Aconitum napellus, Atropa belladonna, phosphorus, sulfur, Apis mellifica, quartz) and for 6 dilution levels (6x, 12x, 30c, 200c, 200CF (centesimal discontinuous fluxion), 10,000CF). Native globules and globules impregnated with solvents were used as controls. Globules were dissolved in ultrapure water, and absorbance in the ultraviolet range was measured. The average absorbance from 200 to 340 nm was calculated and corrected for differences between measurement days and instrumental drift.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found for A. napellus, sulfur, and A. mellifica when normalized average absorbance of the various dilution levels from the same starting material (including control and solvent control globules) was compared. Additionally, absorbance within dilution levels was compared among the various starting materials. Statistically significant differences were found among 30c, 200c and 200CF dilutions.ConclusionThis study has expanded previous findings from aqueous potencies to globules and may indicate that characteristics of aqueous high dilutions may be preserved and detectable in dissolved globules.     

Vitamin D,folate, and potential early lifecycle environmental origin of significant adult phenotypes

Background and objectives: Vitamin D and folate are highly UV sensitive, and critical for maintaining health throughout the lifecycle. This study examines whether solar irradiance during the first trimester of pregnancy influences vitamin D receptor (VDR) and nuclear folate gene variant occurrence, and whether affected genes influence late-life biochemical/clinical phenotypes.Methodology: 228 subjects were examined for periconceptional exposure to solar irradiance, variation in vitamin D/folate genes (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)) and important adult biochemical/clinical phenotypes.Results: Periconceptional solar irradiance was associated with VDR-BsmI (P = 0.0008^wk7), TaqI (P = 0.0014^wk7) and EcoRV (P = 0.0030^wk6) variant occurrence between post-conceptional weeks 6–8, a period when ossification begins. Similar effects were detected for other VDR gene polymorphisms. Periconceptional solar irradiance was also associated with 19 bp del-DHFR (P = 0.0025^wk6), and to a lesser extent C1420T-SHMT (P = 0.0249^wk6), a folate-critical time during embryogenesis. These same genes were associated with several late-life phenotypes: VDR-BsmI, TaqI and ApaI determined the relationship between dietary vitamin D and both insulin (P < 0.0001/BB, 0.0007/tt and 0.0173/AA, respectively) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0290/Bb, 0.0299/Tt and 0.0412/AA, respectively), making them important early and late in the lifecycle. While these and other phenotype associations were found for the VDR variants, folate polymorphism associations in later-life were limited to C1420T-SHMT (P = 0.0037 and 0.0297 for fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively). We additionally report nutrient–gene relationships with body mass index, thiol/folate metabolome, cognition, depression and hypertension. Furthermore, photoperiod at conception influenced occurrence of VDR-Tru9I and 2R3R-TS genotypes (P = 0.0120 and 0.0360, respectively).Conclusions and implications: Findings identify environmental and nutritional agents that may interact to modify gene–phenotype relationships across the lifecycle, offering new insight into human ecology. This includes factors related to both disease aetiology and the evolution of skin pigmentation.     

Safety assessment and toxicological profiling of a novel combinational sunprotective dermal formulation containing melatonin and pumpkin seed oil

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure has been known to cause irreparable damages to human skin. The daunting risk of UV radiation exposure faced by military personnel led to the development of a sunscreen formulation which has superior sun protection factor combined with the ability to counteract reactive oxygen species. The present work deals with the preclinical safety evaluation of the sunscreen formulation comprising of four US FDA approved UV filters; namely avobenzone, octinoxate, oxybenzone, titanium dioxide along with melatonin and pumpkin seed oil, via OECD protocols of assessing acute oral and dermal toxicity; skin sensitizing; skin irritating; ocular irritating and genotoxic potential. Both oral and dermal LD₅₀ values were found to be ˃2000 mg/kg body weight in adult Wistar albino rats using acute dermal and oral toxicity tests. The sunscreen formulation was found to be non-sensitizing to the skin of guinea pigs and non-irritating to both skin and eyes of rabbits. The sunscreen formulation was also found to be non-mutagenic which was affirmed by a battery of genotoxicity and muagenicity assays. The results obtained from this preclinical study indicated that the sunscreen formulation is non toxic and safe in animal models. This study along with additional preclinical evaluations may serve as a basis for considering the formulation as a potential candidate for further trials to establish its efficacy, tolerability and applicability.