镫骨全切除和吸引噪声对豚鼠耳蜗功能与超微结构的影响

本实验应用耳蜗电图和扫描、透射电镜等技术观察了6组(44只)豚鼠镫骨全切除后,前庭窗开放时间的长短和听泡内使用吸引器对耳蜗功能和超微结构的影响程度.结果如下:①随前庭窗开放时间的延长、复合蜗神经动作电位(compound action potential.CAP)反应阈进行性提高,开放180min可导致底回部分外毛细胞变性或破坏;②镫骨全切除后,听泡内较长时间地(60min)应用吸引器可引起CAP明显阈移和耳蜗底回部分外毛细胞的不可逆病变;③镫骨未切除时,听泡内吸引60min,仅引起CAP阈移,但外毛细胞未见损伤.结果提示:术中长时间开放前庭窗和鼓室内应用吸引器可能是引起镫骨全切除术后感音神经性聋的因素之一,但鼓室成形术中鼓室内吸引噪声可能因其强度不够大,不足以引起术后感音神经性聋.     

超早期脑室穿刺引流术治疗重型脑室出血

目的 探讨重型脑室出血的治疗方法。方法 11例重型脑室出血患者，原发性脑室系统出血7例，继发性脑室系统出血4例，脑实质损伤轻微。在超早期行脑室穿刺引流加脑室内注射尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果 经治疗后11例患者预后良好8例，中残1例，死亡2例，无植物生存状态，并发脑积水3例，行脑室腹腔分流术后好转。结论 在超早期行脑室穿刺引流加脑室内注射尿激酶溶栓可以解除或缓解四脑室血肿对脑干的压迫作用，降低四脑室内压力，提高治疗效果。     

一种新型脑科吸引器头的制作与应用

脑组织柔软质脆,负责不同的功能区,血供丰富,因此,在脑科手术中吸引是非常重要的.吸引器头不能对脑组织造成接触性损伤,吸力大小必须适宜,大了可能吸走脑组织,小了出血吸不干净,影响视野,不利于手术的顺利进行.现介绍一种新型的吸引器头的制作与应用.     

先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理

目的探讨先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理经验。方法对65例先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理配合进行分析。结果65例患者经纤维支气管镜检查吸尽气道分泌物后，患者呼吸状态明显好转，脉搏血氧饱和度上升5％～12％，肺部湿哕音较检查前明显减轻；其中32例肺不张患者经纤维支气管镜诊疗后，不张的肺叶次日胸部x线片复查明显复张，其中8例次日需再行纤维支气管镜检查和治疗后，肺叶亦完全复张，无1例严重并发症发生。结论无痛气管镜检查是比较安全的方法，并发症低。严格遵守操作规程，熟练的操作和术中密切医护配合及良好的术后护理，可降低并发症的发生，保证纤维支气管镜检查的安全、有效。     

ICU机械通气患者两种气囊上滞留物吸引方法效果比较

目的探讨对ICU机械通气患者应用不同气囊上滞留物吸引方法的效果差异。方法选择ICU行机械通气的患者106例，按人住顺序分为A组和B组，每组53例。A组采用间断气囊上滞留物吸引加间断冲洗的方法；B组采用持续气囊上滞留物吸引加间断冲洗的方法，对两组患者机械通气期间气囊上滞留物吸引量、生命体征、血气分析结果、气囊上滞留物性质及隐血试验结果、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生时间、数量等指标进行统计和观察。结果两组1周内发生VAP的例数、VAP发生的时间、气囊上滞留物隐血试验阳性例数、气囊上滞留物吸引量等指标的差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）；两组生命体征、血气分析结果、VAP发生率的差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论对ICU机械通气患者行气囊上滞留物间断负压吸引加间断冲洗，不仅可以提高吸引效果，而且可以减少气管黏膜损伤的发生。     

布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎的疗效观察及护理

目的观察布地奈德混悬液(普米克令舒)雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎的疗效及护理。方法观察组60例患儿给予布地奈德混悬液氧气驱动雾化吸入;对照组60例患儿给予地塞米松静脉滴注。两组均采用相应地护理措施,观察两组患者症状缓解时间。结果观察组吸气喉鸣消失时间、犬吠样咳嗽消失时间、声嘶消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05。结论布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎,疗效好,所用药物剂量小,能明显缩短病程,不良反应小。     

Evaluation of Suction Detection During Different Pumping States in an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump

In recent times, the problem of noninvasive suction detection for implantable rotary blood pumps has attracted substantial research interest. Here, we compare the performance of various suction indices for different types of suction and non‐suction events based on pump speed irregularity. A total of 171 different indices that consist of previously proposed as well as newly introduced suction indices are tested using regularized logistic regression. These indices can be classified as amplitude based (derived from the mean, maximum, and minimum values of a cycle), duration based (derived from the duration of a cycle), gradient based (derived from the first order as well as higher order differences) and frequency based (derived from the power spectral density). The non‐suction event data consists of ventricular ejection with or without arrhythmia and intermittent and continuous non‐opening of the aortic valve. The suction event data consists of partial ventricular collapse that occurs intermittently as well as continuously with or without arrhythmia. In addition, we also attempted to minimize the usage of multiple indices by applying the sequential forward floating selection method to find which combination of indices gives the best performance. In general, the amplitude‐based and gradient‐based indices performed quite well while the duration‐based and frequency‐based indices performed poorly. By having only two indices ([i] the maximum gradient change in positive slope; and [ii] the standard deviation of the maximum value in a cycle), we were able to achieve a sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 99.7%.     

血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI时在应用血栓抽吸导管进行血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对患者的心肌再灌注、心功能以及主要心脏事件的影响。方法取2009年9月至2011年11月在常平医院行急诊PCI治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死153例,按数字表法随机分为两组,其中一组在造影术后,血栓抽吸前立即冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,另一组在血栓抽吸术后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,评价PCI术后两组间造影结果以及左室射血分数、MACE的情况等等。结果在血栓抽吸前冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组MBG2、3级的比例为85.0%,而在血栓抽吸后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组的比例为67.1%,差异具有统计学意义。出院前LVEF值分别为71.5±10.0和61.5±11.0,差异具有统计学意义。而冠状动脉内TIMI3级血流、CTFC帧数、以及ST段回落率在两组间的差异没有统计学意义。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI时,如果患者血栓负荷过重,在支架置入术前先行冠状动脉内替罗非班注射,然后再进行血栓抽吸可以得到更好的心肌再灌注,并且对LVEF的改善有益。     

微造瘘经皮肾镜吸引清石系统结合超声在治疗鹿角形肾结石中的价值

目的 探讨微造瘘经皮肾镜吸引清石系统结合超声在治疗鹿角形肾结石中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年8月至2011年4月302例鹿角形肾结石患者的临床资料,男158例,女144例.年龄3.5 ～65.0岁,平均41.0岁.合并集合系统积水216例,合并集合系统积脓37例;34例有开放取石手术史.患者均应用微造瘘经皮肾镜吸引清石系统结合超声治疗.硬膜外或全麻下,俯卧位,肾脏不固定,术中应用B超引导穿刺建立14 ～ 16 F通道,利用硬质工作鞘活动灵活的特点,在连续大流量灌注持续低负压吸引下,采用100 W钬激光碎石,术中结合B超引导同步吸引取石.结果 302例均成功建立通道,共建立通道329个.291例一期手术,11例合并集合系统积脓行造瘘后二期取石.手术采用单通道280例(92.7％)、双通道17例(5.6％)、三通道5例(1.7％);低位入路通道322个(97.9％),高位入路通道7个(2.1％).平均每个通道建立时间3.2 min,平均取石时间55.4 min.一期结石清除率为89.7％ (271/302),单通道一期结石清除率为90.0％(252/280),ESWL或二期经皮肾镜手术后结石清除率为98.0％(296/302).输血11例(3.6％),术后介入治疗4例(1.3％),术后发热25例(8.3％),无周围脏器损伤,无死亡病例.结论 微造瘘经皮肾镜吸引清石系统结合超声治疗鹿角形肾结石,工作鞘活动度大,取石方便灵活.术中应用超声引导快速、安全、准确,通道设计更合理,能够提高单通道一期清石率,手术更安全.     

The Comarr Memorial Award for Distinguished Clinical Service: The Legacy of A. Estin Comarr,MD

Abstract

Background

Subfascial wound suction drains are commonly used after spinal surgery to decrease the incidence of post-operative hematoma. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding their effectiveness.

Objective

To report four cases of post-operative spinal epidural hematoma causing massive neurological deficit in patients who had subfascial suction wound drains.

Methods

During an 8-year period, a retrospective review of 1750 consecutive adult spinal surgery cases was performed to determine the incidence, commonalities, and outcomes of catastrophic neurological deficit caused by post-operative spinal epidural hematoma.

Findings

Epidural hematoma causing major neurological deficit (American Spinal Injury Association B) was identified in 4 out of 1750 patients (0.23%). All four patients in this series had subfascial wound suction drains placed prophylactically at the conclusion of their initial procedure.

Results

Three patients developed massive neurological deficits with the drain in place; one patient had the drain removed at 24 hours and subsequently developed neurological symptoms during the following post-operative day. Significant risk factors for the development of hematoma were identified in two of the four patients. Average time to return to the operating room for hematoma evacuation was 6 hours (range 3–12 hours). Neurological status significantly improved in all four patients after hematoma evacuation.

Conclusions

Post-operative epidural hematoma causing catastrophic neurological deficit is a rare complication after spinal surgery. The presence of suction wound drains does not appear to prevent the occurrence of this devastating complication.