应用锥形束CT研究下颌第二磨牙根管数目和构型

目的采用锥形束CT（cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT）观察下颌第二磨牙根管数目及构型,为根管治疗提供影像学参考。方法随机调取700颗下颌第二磨牙的CBCT资料,统计下颌第二磨牙牙根数目、根管数目和构型,以及C型根管的发生率。结果下颌第二磨牙c形牙根的发生率为36．O％;2根牙的根管构型：61．1％近中根管为Ⅳ型,96．1％远中根管为I型;C形根管在根管口及根尖1／3处类型变化多。结论下颌第二磨牙牙根和根管解剖形态多样,CBCT清晰的三维影像能为根管治疗提供参考。     

头灯放大镜在老年人上颌第一磨牙近颊第二根管治疗中的应用

目的：探讨提高老年人上颌第一磨牙近颊第二根管（MB2）发现率的临床方法.方法：按入选条件随机选取65岁以上老年人需要根管治疗的上颌第一磨牙80颗,分为两组：试验组45颗,用头灯放大镜寻找MB2并记录其发现率和根管找寻时间;对照组35颗,在常规光源下寻找MB2并记录发生率和根管找寻时间,与试验组进行比较.结果：试验组MB2发现率为86.67％、总根管找寻时间为20.13±0.42（分钟）;对照组MB2发现率40％、总根管找寻时间31.21±0.72（min）,两组间MB2发现率及总根管找寻时间存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论：寻找老年人上颌第一磨牙MB2时,头灯放大镜明显优于常规光源,经济实惠、适合临床推广.     

拔除第三磨牙与第一前磨牙在正畸治疗的作用比较

[目的]比较正畸治疗中拔除第三磨牙与拔除第一前磨牙在正畸治疗过程中的作用。[方法]选择拔除第三磨牙患者30例及拔除第一前磨牙患者30例,对两组治疗前后X线头颅侧位片进行测量分析。观察矫治前后第二磨牙在垂直方向、水平方向及倾斜角度的改变,比较两组间的差异。[结果]2组上颌第二磨牙垂直和水平移动的距离相比差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但2组第二磨牙的倾斜角度相比差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。2组下颌第二磨牙垂直移动的距离倾斜角度相比差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但2组第二磨牙垂直移动的距离相比差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]拔除第三磨牙较拔除第一前磨牙更有利于正畸治疗。     

盐酸氟西汀联合逍遥丸治疗孕中期引产产妇产后抑郁的疗效

【目的】探讨盐酸氟西汀联合逍遥丸治疗孕中期引产产妇产后抑郁的疗效。【方法】52例孕中期引产产后抑郁症产妇,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组26例,对照组产妇仅服用盐酸氟西汀,观察组产妇服用盐酸氟西汀和逍遥丸,均治疗4周,参照汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HDM A）和副作用量表（T ESS）评定两种治疗方法的疗效和副作用。【结果】观察组总有效率为96．15％,高于对照组（92．31％）,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,观察组患者痊愈率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;两组治疗后随着治疗时间的延长,HDMA 减分率均明显递增（P＜0．05）;治疗后第1周、第2周观察组TESS得分（6．87±2．38,6．06±2．71）明显小于对照组（9．12±3．03,8．01±2．97）（P＜0．05）。【结论】逍遥丸的配合治疗在一定程度上可提高盐酸氟西汀治疗产后抑郁疗效而减弱其副作用。     

Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and the frailty syndrome in US older adults

Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and lung cancer in nonsmoking adults. However, few studies have focused on the health consequences of exposure to SHS in older adults. This is the first study to assess the association between SHS and the frailty syndrome in the nonsmoking older adult population. Cross-sectional study was conducted among 2059 nonsmoking adults aged ≥60 years who participated in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had completed a physical examination. Exposure to SHS was assessed by serum cotinine concentrations and by self-reported data from the home questionnaire. Frailty was ascertained with a slight modification of the Fried criteria. Analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders. The median (interquartile range) concentration of serum cotinine was 0.095 (IQR 0.035–0.211) ng/mL. The prevalence of frailty was 6.0 %. The odds ratios (95 % confidence interval [CI]) of frailty comparing the second, third, and fourth to the lowest quartile of serum cotinine were, respectively, 1.44 (0.67–3.06), 1.46 (0.75–2.85), and 2.51 (1.06–5.95), p value for trend 0.04. An increased frequency of frailty was also observed in participants reporting to live with ≥2 smokers at home (odds ratio 5.37; 95 % CI 1.13–25.5). In the US nonsmoking older adult population, exposure to SHS was associated with an increased frequency of frailty. More efforts are needed to protect older adults from SHS, especially at home and in other areas not covered by smoke-free regulations.     

Surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for BCLC intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background & objective

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended as the first-line therapy for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm. However, in clinical practice, many such patients undergo surgical resection. A meta-analysis with a systematic search of the medical literature was conducted to compare these two procedures for BCLC intermediate stage HCC.

Second window of protection following myocardial preconditioning: an essential role for PI3 kinase and p70S6 kinase

Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the heart against myocardial infarction acutely as well as several hours later (e.g. 24-48 h). The mechanism of the profound cardioprotection is not completely explored. We hypothesized that PI3K/PDK1/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-mediated pro-survival pathway is involved in delayed cardioprotection induced by IPC. Under Hypnorm-Diazepam anaesthesia, male New Zealand White rabbits were either sham-operated (SC) or preconditioned by four cycles of 5-min ischaemia and 10-min reperfusion on day 1. Twenty-four hours after recovery, the animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone and subjected to 30-min ischaemia followed by 180-min reperfusion. Wortmannin (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.), an irreversible PI3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, rapamycin (0.25 mg/kg, i.v.), which prevents the phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), or DMSO (control vehicle) was given 15 min prior to IPC. IPC significantly reduced infarct size compared to the control group (SC) (31.9 +/- 5.8% (n = 7) vs. 54.9 +/- 2.9% (n = 6), P < 0.05). Wortmannin and rapamycin alone had no effect on infarct size (56.3 +/- 1.6% (n = 6) and 54.7 +/- 3.8% (n = 6), respectively). However, when wortmannin or rapamycin were given prior to IPC the protection was completely abolished (49.9 +/- 2.8% (n = 6), 45.1 +/- 4.6% (n = 7), P < 0.05 vs. IPC). Western blot analysis showed that wortmannin, at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, and rapamycin, at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, were sufficient to prevent phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K, respectively, when the inhibitors were given prior to IPC. We conclude that PI3K/PDK1/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-signalling pathway plays an essential role in the development of the cardioprotection against infarction in rabbits.     

双足第二趾及足背皮瓣再造拇示指及手背皮肤缺损的临床运用原则

目的探讨双足第二趾及足背皮瓣再造拇示指及手背皮肤缺损的临床运用原则。方法选取2010年3月至2012年9月就诊的12例行拇示指再造手术患者作为研究对象,采用双足第二趾带足背皮瓣进行拇示指再造及皮肤移植手术。观察手术后患者拇示指及皮肤再生情况,随访6~47个月,评定患者拇手指再造功能恢复情况。结果 12例患者行双足第二趾及足背皮瓣再造23指,手术后移植组织全部再生存活,足部功能未受影响;随访后,根据拇、示指再造功能评定结果为:优12指,良6指,可3指,差2指,优良率为78.26%。结论采用双足第二趾带足背皮瓣再造拇示指并修复手背皮肤缺损手术效果良好,具有重要的临床运用价值。     

联检C100－3抗体、第2代抗体与HCV RNA诊断丙型肝炎的比较

对江苏省南通市不同人群７７０例份血清联合检测Ｃ１００－３抗体和第２代抗体，并对其中抗－ＨＣＶ阳性和非甲非乙型肝炎患者用多聚酶链反应（ＲＣＲ）法检测了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。在８９例急性肝炎中。检出的１４例急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全数阳性，第２代抗体２例阳性，Ｃ１００－３抗体均阴性。慢性肝炎及肝炎后肝硬化２３０例共检出ＨＣＶ感染２４例（１０．４％），４５１例献血员检出丙肝３例（０．７％），以上两组患者３项标记阳性率相近。在检出的４２例ＨＣＶ感染中，仅１４例有输血史。比较３项标记，ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ最灵敏，对急性丙肝尤有诊断价值，并能直接反映ＨＣＶ复制；抗－ＨＣＶ可用于慢性ＨＣＶ感染的检测，第２代抗体优于Ｃ１００－３抗体。     

新产程管理下第二产程时长对母儿结局的影响

目的 探讨新产程标准管理下第二产程时长对母儿结局的影响.方法 回顾新产程标准在我院试行4个月来(2014年10月1日至2015年1月31日)第二产程持续时间≥2 h的单胎足月头先露初产妇病例,去除死胎引产、胎儿畸形、前置胎盘病例,满足条件病例共202份,根据第二产程持续时间(t)长短将其分为3组:2 h≤t＜ 2.5 h,共106例设为A1组;2.5 h≤t＜3 h,共63例,为A2组;t≥3 h共33例,为A3组.随机抽取同期产房试产到达第二产程且t＜2h的单胎足月头先露初产妇病例(排除死胎引产、胎儿畸形、前置胎盘病例)共234例作为对照组(B组).回顾并收集四组产妇的病历资料,将A1组、A2组、A3组的母儿结局与B组的母儿结局分别进行比较.结果 A1组剖宫产率为3.8％,高于B组的0％(P＜0.05),产钳助产率、产妇病率及新生儿病率两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A2组产钳助产率(42.8％)、剖宫产率(3.2％)、产后出血率(41.3％)及伤口愈合不良率(7.9％)均显著高于B组(分别为9.0％、0％、14.2％及1.3％),(P＜0.05),新生儿病率两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A3组产钳助产(51.5％)、剖宫产(9.1％)、产后出血(33.3％)、伤口愈合不良(12.1％)、产后发热(30.3％)及新生儿儿科住院率(30.3％)均显著高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 第二产程＞3h致产妇病率和新生儿病率显著升高,第二产程＞2.5h致产妇病率显著升高.