兔视网膜细胞问水肿及玻璃体收缩性状改变的相关研究

目的探讨玻璃体收缩与视网膜细胞问水肿的相关性。方法色素性兔17只17只眼，激光光凝诱发视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)后1个月，视网膜血管分布区域作病理观察，对出现视网膜细胞间水肿者，测定其玻璃体内凝胶比重及重力下伸展度的改变，并通过II型胶原蛋白免疫印迹分析其相关的分子学机制。结果RVO后1个月，13只实验眼视网膜出现细胞问水肿，占76．5％；玻璃体出现凝缩、液化，收缩性增强；玻璃体内II型胶原的a单链相互交连成大分子的p和7重链结构，破坏了胶原支架的稳定性。结论视网膜细胞间水肿与玻璃体收缩有相关性，玻璃体胶原的相互交连并导致支架稳定性的破坏是其主要原因。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：29-32）     

大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的 观察大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后热休克蛋白70(HsP70)的表达以及外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对其表达的影响。 方法 采用升高眼内压的方法，制作实验性视网膜缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型。将24只wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(3只)和手术组(21只)。其中手术组大鼠左眼为缺血再灌注组，右眼为bFGF治疗组(玻璃体腔内注射bFGF 2肛g)，手术组根据再灌注后不同时间分为。、4、8、12、24、48、72 h组。应用免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后视网膜内层组织中HsP70的表达及玻璃体腔内注射外源性bFGF对其表达的影响。 结果 对照组无阳性细胞表达。缺血再灌注组中，缺血再灌注O h后即可见HsP70的表达[(20．8±4．5)个／mm。]，并随时间延长而逐渐增加，至24 h达到高峰[(111．2±4．4)个／mm z]，随后阳性细胞递减，72 h时偶见阳性细胞。bFGF治疗组HsP70的表达变化规律与缺血组基本一致，但在8、12、24、48、72 h时均较缺血再灌注组显著增高(P<0.05).相似文献   

用扫描激光检眼镜检测正常人中心10°微视野

目的　建立应用扫描激光检眼镜 (scanninglaserophthalmoscope ,SLO )测定微视野的方法 ,并测定不同年龄正常人中心 10°视网膜光敏感度 ,计算年龄与平均光敏感度的相关关系。方法　用德国RodenstockSLO对 80例 160眼 17～ 85岁正常眼进行中心 10°微视野检测。结果　SLO可清晰观察后极部眼底情况。正常人各年龄组中心 10°平均光敏感度与性别、眼别、象限别无关 (P >0 0 5 )。平均视网膜光敏感度随年龄增加呈直线下降 ,年龄 (x)每增加 10岁 ,平均光敏感度 (y)下降 0 0 5 5dB ,即y =3 0 9-0 0 5 5x。结论　SLO微视野检查将眼底解剖部位与光敏感度相对应 ,具有直观、准确的优点。正常值的测定为进一步研究黄斑部病变时光敏感度的变化提供依据     

周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼(附12例报告)

目的:探讨睫状体及周边视网膜冷凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼的有效方法。方法:应用国产CO2ECS-22型冷冻器对12例伴屈光间质浑浊的新生血管性青光眼进行睫状体及周边视网膜冷凝术。结果:冷凝术后1周内,新生血管全部或部分消失,眼压不同程度下降,随访3月~2年眼压控制在正常范围8例,4例新生血管再次生长,眼压升高,并发葡萄膜炎1例,无1发生眼球萎缩。手术有效率66.7%。结论:部分睫状体和周边视网膜冷凝术是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效方法。     

人视网膜星形胶质细胞发育及起源的研究

背景 视网膜星形胶质细胞是视网膜主要的神经胶质细胞,其起源及演变过程一直是国内外研究的热点和难点. 目的 探讨人胚胎眼视网膜星形胶质细胞的起源及发育.方法 收集33例自愿终止妊娠的流产人胚胎眼标本,其中8 ～12孕周者20例,15～ 17孕周者2例,19～ 23孕周者4例,25～ 28孕周者4例,30 ～32孕周者3例.对眼球壁切片进行常规组织病理学检查以观察不同胚龄人视网膜发育的形态学变化,分别采用免疫组织化学法及免疫荧光法动态观察不同胚龄人视网膜星形胶质细胞起源位点及发育过程中胶质纤维酸性蛋白( GFAP)表达的变化.结果 人胚6～7周视杯处于视网膜分层发育阶段,9周时视杯内层原无细胞层出现分化不成熟的圆短梭形细胞；胚龄15周时视网膜主要层次可见,分化的细胞增加,但未发现GFAP阳性细胞；胚龄19周视网膜可见梭形细胞从返折部原始神经上皮迁出,并可见这些细胞中GFAP呈阳性表达；胚龄25～ 26周后极部视网膜可见GFAP表达阳性的梭形细胞,这些细胞围绕视网膜血管分布,与血管壁联系密切,邻近锯齿缘处的视网膜内层可见表达GFAP的星形或梭形细胞与睫状体非色素上皮相连,但锯齿缘稍后与赤道区之间并未见GFAP阳性细胞；胚龄28周,视网膜星形胶质细胞呈典型的星状,其突起伸达视网膜内网状层. 结论 人视网膜星形胶质细胞至少存在3个起源位点,即血管前体细胞/周皮细胞、视盘旁原始神经上皮及邻近锯齿缘的睫状体无色素上皮.     

Pattern of ocular injuries in stone pelters in Kashmir valley

PurposeTo describe the pattern and types of ocular injuries in stone pelters in Kashmir valley during recent turmoil.DesignCross sectional study.MethodsSixty patients with different types of eye injuries were assessed between June–September 2010 and initial visual acuity was recorded. The injuries were classified according to Systems for Classifying Ocular Injuries (OTCS) and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was calculated in order to estimate the probability of follow-up visual acuity range.ResultsMost of the victims (75%) were young boys between 16–26 years with a mean age of 20.95, 95% of cases were males. The main cause of injury was stones (48.3%) and pellets (30%) besides rubber bullets, sling shots and tear gas shells.Most of the open-globe injuries due to stones were of Type B and A, Grade E, Zone II and III with Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD) in 30% of the cases. Closed-globe injuries were mostly of Type A, Grade C and D and Zone II and III.Most of the open-globe injuries due to pellets were of Type D, Grade D, Zone II and APD in 33.3%. Pellets Intra Ocular Foreign Body (IOFB) was in 41.6%. Most of the closed-globe injuries were of Type A, Grade D and E and of Zone III.Overall OTS of 1 was calculated in 16.6% and 3 in 53.3% of the cases.ConclusionIn stone pelting demonstrations eye injuries can result in visually significant trauma. Injuries due to pellets are mostly perforating and pellet IOFB, and both tend to have a very poor prognosis. OTS can be used to estimate visual prognosis.     

La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina

IntroductionPremature children birth and survival is becoming more frequent due to the improvement in obstetric and neonatal care. This makes it increasingly common to find patients with history of preterm birth in ophthalmology clinics, both in pediatric and adult ages. Premature birth can lead to ocular structural changes, being possible to affect the ganglion cell complex (GCC), among other structures, which can be studied using optical coherence tomography.Materials and methodsTo carry out a bibliographic review of the studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity compared with patients born at term.ResultsSeveral studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity are referenced and their results are studied.ConclusionsIn our clinical practice, knowing the history of prematurity is fundamental in the assessment of GCC measured by optical coherence tomography, since this layer is different in the patients with a history of prematurity compared to patients born at term.     

Orchestration of the circadian clock and its association with Alzheimer's disease: Role of endocannabinoid signaling

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour natural rhythms regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, also known as the "master clock". The retino-hypothalamic tract entrains suprachiasmatic nucleus with photic information to synchronise endogenous circadian rhythms with the Earth’s light-dark cycle. However, despite the robustness of circadian rhythms, an unhealthy lifestyle and chronic photic disturbances cause circadian rhythm disruption in the suprachiasmatic nucleus’s TTFL loops via affecting glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated neurotransmission in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Recently, considerable evidence has been shown correlating CRd with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The present review aims to identify the existence and signalling of endocannabinoids in CRd induced Alzheimer's disease through retino-hypothalamic tract- suprachiasmatic nucleus-cortex. Immunohistochemistry has confirmed the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to modulate the circadian phases of the master clock. Literature also suggests that cannabinoids may alter activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus by influencing the activity of their major neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid or by interacting indirectly with the suprachiasmatic nucleus’s two other major inputs i.e., the geniculo-hypothalamic tract-mediated release of neuropeptide Y and serotonergic inputs from the dorsal raphe nuclei. Besides, the expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 ameliorates cognitive deficits via reduction of tauopathy and microglial activation. In conclusion, endocannabinoids may be identified as a putative target for correcting CRd and decelerating Alzheimer’s disease.