A new suggestion for the radiation target volume after a subtotal gastrectomy in patients with stomach cancer

PURPOSE: To compare treatment results between the use of two different radiation fields including and excluding remnant stomach and suggest new target volumes excluding remnant stomach after subtotal gastrectomy (STG) in patients with stomach cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed 291 patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after STG and D2 dissection at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Eighty-three patients registered from 1995 to 1997 underwent irradiation according to the INT 0116 protocol that recommended the inclusion of remnant stomach within the target volume (Group A). After this period, we excluded remnant stomach from the target volume for 208 patients (Group B). Median follow-up was 67 months. RESULTS: Treatment failure developed in 93 patients (32.0%). Local and regional recurrence rates for Group A vs. Group B were 10.8% vs. 5.3% (p = not significant) and 9.6% vs. 6.3% (p = not significant), and recurrence rates for remnant stomach were 7.2% vs. 1.4% (p = 0.018), respectively. Overall and disease-free survival rates were not different between the two groups. Grade 3 or 4 vomiting and diarrhea developed more frequently in Group A than Group B (4.8% vs. 1.4% and 6.0% vs. 1.9%, respectively; p = 0.012; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Exclusion of remnant stomach from the radiation field had no effect on failure rates or survival, and a low complication rate occurred in patients treated excluding remnant stomach. We suggest that remnant stomach be excluded from the radiation target volume for patients with stomach cancer who undergo STG and D2 dissection.     

残胃癌25例诊治分析

目的:探讨残胃癌发生的可能因素及早期诊断。方法:对本院10年来25例残胃癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:B-Ⅱ式手术残胃癌的发生率比B-I式高出 5.22倍.与术后经过时间呈正相关。本组残胃癌发生时间平均为手术后15.1年。结论:择期手术尽量推迟至45岁以上。尽量避免行B-Ⅱ式手术。加强胃术后患者随访。     

残胃癌17例分析

目的 探讨残胃癌的临床特点、早期诊断和外科治疗。方法 对１９８６年１月至１９９９年６月收治的１７例病人进行回顾性分析。结果 本组手术切除率为７６．５％,根治切除率为５８．８％,１、２、３、４期的３年生存率分别为１００％、６６．７％、５０％和０．１期的５４上生存率为１００％。结论 对５０岁以上的男性胃部分切除者,建议自术后１０年开始每年１次胃镜加活检随诊。外科治疗以根治性全胃切除加Ｄ２淋巴清扫术为宜     

残胃病变和幽门螺杆菌感染

目的通过对残胃粘膜幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况的检测,探讨残胃病变与Hp的关系.方法将残胃组71例和对照组71例的Hp感染率进行比较,并对不同手术方式、有否胆汁返流及不同手术年限的残胃Hp感染情况进行比较分析.结果残胃组与对照组Hp检出率分别25.35%、57.7%(P＜0.01).Billroth-Ⅰ式和Billroth-Ⅱ式残胃胆汁返流发生率分别为4.34%,60%(P＜0.01)术后4月～5年,6～10年,＞10年者Hp检出率分别为29.2%、23.5%、0,前二个年龄段与后者比较差异显著(P＜0.01).另有吻合口线结残留5例,胃息肉3例,残胃再生癌3例、后二者的Hp阳性率均为0.结论残胃的Hp感染有其自身的特点,Hp感染是残胃炎发生的重要病因.Billroth-Ⅱ式较Billroth-Ⅰ式的胆汁返流率为高(P＜0.01).而伴有胆汁返流者的Hp感染率却较低.另外行胃大部切除术后的年限越长,其Hp的感染率也越低.     

6925例残胃内镜检查结果分析

目的总结残胃病变的临床特点及内镜下表现.方法收集1974年～2003年间我院经临床资料及胃镜检查确诊的6925例残胃患者的相关病历,并回顾性调查每一位研究对象的临床资料、手术方式、胃镜下表现及病理检查结果、术后并发症等.结果胃大部切除术后残胃患者占同期受检人数的比例由1974年～1989年的8.62%下降至1990年～2003年的4.75%,消化性溃疡手术治疗比例由62.71%下降至27.16%,其中中青年(<60岁)患者手术治疗比例下降更为明显(41.53%下降至16.50%),老年(≥60岁)患者胃恶性肿瘤手术治疗比例则有上升趋势(12.57%上升至45.76%).吻合口及残胃炎症、吻合口及残胃溃疡、吻合口及残胃癌、返流性食管炎、胆汁返流的发生率,毕Ⅱ式(95.06%、23.69%、5.69%、17.49%、47.68%)均明显高于毕Ⅰ式(65.48%、11.93%、1.74%、7.32%、14.29%),P<0.01.结论胃大部切除术是治疗严重消化性溃疡及其并发症、胃恶性肿瘤的主要方法,目前胃恶性肿瘤已替代了消化性溃疡成为行胃大部切除术的首要病因.毕Ⅱ式较毕Ⅰ式术后更易发生并发症.残胃患者应定期随访胃镜及病理检查.     

Empagliflozin decreases remnant‐like particle cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients with insulin resistance

Aims/Introduction

Remnant lipoproteins are thought to be atherogenic. Remnant‐like particle cholesterol (RLP‐C), which reflects the levels of various kinds of remnant lipoproteins in the blood, has a significant correlation with insulin resistance.

Materials and Methods

In the present study, we measured the effect of empagliflozin (EMPA) on the levels of RLP‐C, and investigated whether EMPA‐mediated change in RLP‐C is associated with a change in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients who have insulin resistance.

Results

Patients were allocated to receive a placebo (n = 51) or EMPA (n = 58) as an add‐on treatment. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 12 weeks after this intervention. EMPA significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin, bodyweight, systolic blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, liver transaminases and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, EMPA decreased RLP‐C and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. In the placebo group, there were no significant changes in these factors except for slight increases in liver transaminases. Multiple regression analysis showed that the change in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.0102) and the change in alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0301) were significantly associated with the change in RLP‐C in the EMPA group. The change in RLP‐C significantly correlated with the change in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.503, 95% confidence interval 0.199–0.719; P = 0.00241).

Conclusion

EMPA decreases RLP‐C levels, which is closely associated with amelioration of insulin sensitivity in diabetes patients who have insulin resistance.     

肝内胆管结石治疗模式的探讨

目的 探讨多路微创技术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法 回顾性分析单纯手术（A组）与多路微创技术（B组）两种治疗模式治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。结果 B组病人在术后恢复，残余结石方面均优于A组。结论 多路微创技术治疗肝内胆管结石具有手术创伤小，取石率高，残余结石率低的优点。值得推广。     

紫外吸收分光光度法检测MMA单体残留量的实验方法探讨

目的通过利用紫外分光光度计,对C&G珍固骨水泥的残留单体含量进行检测,以提供一种简便实用的检测方法.方法通过紫外分光光度计在特定波长下测量材料浸提液吸光度,来确定残留单体的含量.结果实验数据表明残留单体的最大吸收波长为206nm处,标准液浓度与吸光度的关系符合朗白-比耳定律说明热处理大大降低了材料中的单体残留量.结论涉及材料中残留单体含量的检测方法目前不多.建立-套简单易行,且科学可靠的方法来检测材料的残留单体含量成为需要.     

Second primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma in the remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma: High cumulative incidence rates at 5 years after pancreatectomy

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate and clinical features of second primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma (SPPDC) in the remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC).MethodsData of patients undergoing R0 resection for PDC at a single high-volume center were reviewed. SPPDC was defined as a tumor in the remnant pancreas after R0 resection for PDC, and SPPDC met at least one of the following conditions: 1) the time interval between initial pancreatectomy and development of a new tumor was 3 years or more; 2) the new tumor was not located in contact with the pancreatic stump. We investigated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with SPPDC.ResultsThis study included 130 patients who underwent surgical resection for PDC between 2005 and 2014. Six (4.6%) patients developed SPPDC. The cumulative 3- and 5-year incidence rates were 3.1% and 17.7%, respectively. Four patients underwent remnant pancreatectomy for SPPDC. They were diagnosed with the disease in stage IIA or higher and developed recurrence within 6 months after remnant pancreatectomy. One patient received carbon ion radiotherapy and survived 45 months. One patient refused treatment and died 19 months after the diagnosis of SPPDC.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of SPPDC is not negligible, and the cumulative 5-year incidence rate of SPPDC is markedly high. Post-operative surveillance of the remnant pancreas is critical for the early detection of SPPDC, even in long-term survivors after PDC resection.     

Twenty-Year Experience of a Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a four-strand semitendinosus tendon was started in our department in July 1994. The motivation for starting the procedure was that the EndoButton with an inside-out procedure instrument became available in Japan. A review article of our DB ACL reconstruction procedure was summarized for the twentieth anniversary of the surgical procedure. Initial tension setting of the two grafts was changed in the first 8 years to achieve better stability during DB ACL reconstruction. A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was started in July 2002 to clarify superiority of the DB procedure to single-bundle (SB) reconstruction under the concept of anatomic reconstruction. Several anatomic studies were performed to describe normal ACL anatomy, which is essential for realizing anatomic reconstruction. A remnant-preserving technique would be an additional option for our DB procedure to improve reconstruction outcomes. Thus, a new remnant-preserving DB procedure was started in 2012. The reproducibility of the new procedure was investigated using three-dimensional computed tomography images. More complex procedures were performed using a transtibial technique and EndoButtons. Initial tension balancing between the two grafts was important for a better outcome. Superiority of knee stability after the DB compared to that after the SB procedure was clarified by the RCT. However, no patient consensus has been reached on any subjective advantage to the DB procedure. Studies of normal ACL anatomy have left questions unresolved regarding where the two tunnels should be created for direct and indirect insertions based on normal anatomy. A new remnant-preserving DB ACL procedure has been practiced. The procedure was more reproducible with respect to creating the femoral tunnel. DB ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon is an attractive option when pursuing a better outcome for patients.