解脲支原体感染对不孕不育的影响

目的：探讨解脲支原体感染与不孕不育症的关系。方法将188对不孕不育夫妇作为不孕不育组,30对正常生育夫妇为正常组,分别对2组的精液及阴道分泌物进行解脲支原体培养,并进行对比分析。结果不孕不育组精液解脲支原体培养阳性率为51．06％高于正常组的20．00％,阴道分泌物培养阳性率为46．28％高于正常组的23．23％,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论解脲支原体感染与不孕不育密切相关。     

减重手术对男性精子质量影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价减重手术对男性精子质量的影响。 方法计算机检索医学文献数据库,包括EMBASE、PubMed、Cochrane Library、万方、中国知网等,检索时间均从建库开始至2020年12月。搜集关于男性肥胖患者减重手术前后精子质量变化的文献,并对纳入文献进行质量评估,提取数据后采用Review Manager 5.3统计软件分析。 结果共纳入6项队列研究。Meta分析结果示：减重手术对男性肥胖患者射精量、精子浓度、运动精子（%）、向前运动精子（%）及正常形态精子（%）无明显影响,甚至可引起患者的精子总数下降（MD=43.29,95%CI: 3.24~83.34,P<0.03）。 结论减重手术不能改善精子质量,这需要更大样本及更长随访时间的随机前瞻性研究来证实。     

龙胆紫染色用于分析精子存活率的方法学研究

目的:探讨龙胆紫染色区分存活精子和死亡精子可能性,以提供一种判定精子存活率的新方法,为男性精液检测和质量评价提供依据。方法:采用不同浓度的龙胆紫溶液对精液样本染色,在光学显微镜下观察染色结果,讨论区分存活精子和死亡精子的标准,并计数一定数量的总精子数,计算存活率,并将计算结果与标准方法比较。结果:经过龙胆紫溶液(0.05%,M/V)染色后在显微镜下存活精子呈现淡蓝色,而死亡精子呈现深紫色,计算获得的存活率与伊红染色法(0.5%,M/V)的结果比较差异统计学意义(t=0.862,双侧P=0.403)。结论:一定浓度的龙胆紫染色后能够清楚地区分存活精子和死亡精子,该法获得的精子存活率结果可靠,龙胆紫染色法可以作为一种新的分析精子存活率的方法。     

两种精索静脉结扎术对精液质量影响的研究

目的：探究显微镜与经腹膜后精索静脉高位结扎术对于精液质量的影响。方法：89例左侧精索静脉曲张患者,分别接受经腹膜后高位结扎术（开放组）和显微镜下精索静脉结扎术（显微镜组）治疗,随访时间为3个月。观察两组术前术后精液浓度、前向运动及血清抑制素B水平等指标。结果：患者平均年龄为（28±6）岁;平均病程为（14.3±16.7）月。两组术后精子浓度与前向运动均无统计学差异（P=0.839,0.169）,显微镜组血清抑制素B水平显著高于开放手术组（P=0.021）。结论：两种术式均能有效改善精液质量;对于血清抑制素B水平的改善,显微镜下精索静脉结扎术优于经腹膜后高位结扎术。     

薏苡仁及其伪品的鉴别研究

目的：鉴别薏苡仁的真伪。方法：采用薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱指纹图谱法对薏苡仁和4种伪品草珠子、小麦、大麦、高粱米进行比较研究。结果：结果显示,薏苡仁与小麦、大麦、高粱米在薄层色谱条带上加以区分。薏苡仁和同属的草珠子在薄层色谱鉴别中难以辨别,进一步采用指纹图谱区分。结论：建立的鉴别方法,可准确区分薏苡仁及其常见伪品,为薏苡仁的质量控制提供参考。     

Effect of lubricants and a vaginal spermicide gel on the detection of prostate specific antigen,a biomarker of semen exposure,using a quantitative (Abbott ARCHITECT) assay

Objectives

Little is known about the effects of commonly used lubricants on detection of biomarkers of semen exposure. We investigated the in vitro effect of Gynol®, K-Y Jelly®, Replens®, Astroglide®, Carbopol, and Silicorel on quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Study Design

A predetermined concentration of each of the gels was added to serially diluted semen samples. Additionally, serial dilutions of each of the gels were added to three different semen dilutions (high, medium, or low). The resulting samples were tested for PSA on the Abbott ARCHITECT System.

Results

When using the Abbott ARCHITECT system, the only products that inhibited PSA detection were Gynol® and Replens®. The inhibition caused by Gynol® was dose-dependent, but that of Replens was dose-independent. K-Y Jelly®-spiked samples had higher PSA values than controls.

Conclusions

Caution is warranted when using the Abbott quantitative assay for PSA detection as a biomarker of semen exposure in settings where Gynol®, Replens® or K-Y Jelly® might also have been used. Neither Astroglide® nor Silicorel inhibited PSA detection. Additional studies evaluating other vaginal products, including microbicides, and their effects on other assays, are needed. In vivo studies will be especially important to optimize PSA detection from clinical samples.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific lubricants or any vaginal products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The Abbott ARCHITECT’s total PSA assay should not be used with the product Replens. Caution is warranted when using the assay in settings where Gynol or K-Y jelly may have been used.     

Does tenofovir gel or do other microbicide products affect detection of biomarkers of semen exposure in vitro?

Objectives

There is currently no information on whether products evaluated in HIV microbicide trials affect the detection of the semen biomarkers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or Y chromosome DNA.

Study Design

We tested (in vitro) dilutions of tenofovir (TFV), UC781 and the hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) placebo gels using the Abacus ABAcard and the quantitative (Abbott Architect total PSA) assays for PSA and Y chromosome DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

TFV gel and the HEC placebo adversely affected PSA detection using the ABAcard but not the Abbott Architect total PSA assay. UC781 adversely affected both the ABAcard and Abbott Architect total PSA assays. While there were some quantitative changes in the magnitude of the signal, none of the products affected positivity of the Y chromosome assay.

Conclusions

The presence of TFV or HEC gels did not affect quantitative PSA or Y chromosome detection in vitro. Confirmation of these findings is recommended using specimens obtained following use of these gels in vivo.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific microbicides or any products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The ABAcard assay for PSA detection should not be used with TFV UC781, or HEC.     

Dynamic detection of non‐protein‐bound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches

Semen Strychni, a known toxic drug in Chinese pharmacopoeia, is notable for its therapeutic effects on local muscle and joint pain. However, oral administration can be risky. Topically administered drugs accumulate in the topical muscles and knee joints without any major increase in plasma levels; only non‐protein‐bound drugs in the biological fluids of target tissues are effective for therapeutic effects. A sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography ‐ mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) method coupled with a microdialysis technique was developed to determine the non‐protein‐bound strychnine (Str) and brucine (Bru) in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid microdialysate. The UPLC separation was carried out using a 1.7μm BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (29.5:70.5, v/v) with 0.1% formic acid and 20 mM ammonium acetate in water. The method was validated at concentrations ranging from 0.58 ng/ml to 467.20 ng/ml for Str and from 0.42 ng/ml to 422.40 ng/ml for Bru. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy ranged from 99.1% to 103.2% for Str and from 95.8% to 108.8% for Bru with intra‐day and inter‐day precision within 9.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine non‐protein‐bound Str and Bru, and the analysates concentration remained stable in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches, which indicated that total Strychnos alkaloid patches could substitute for the traditional oral administration of Semen Strychni. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经典名方中苦杏仁的本草考证

通过查阅相关历代本草记载，笔者对经典名方中所用苦杏仁的名称、基原、产地、品质评价及采收加工方法等进行了本草考证。经考证可知，《神农本草经》始载杏核；《新修本草》之后，逐渐以杏核仁为主流正名；杏仁为正名始见于《雷公炮炙论》，至明清时期逐渐作为主流正名。清代以前的本草未区分苦杏仁与甜杏仁，而清代的部分本草虽明确了两者的应用区别，但未将两者单独收载。直至1953年版《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）为区别用药，以苦杏仁为正名，甜杏仁见于各省中药材标准。历代苦杏仁基原以各版《中国药典》中杏Prunus armeniaca（《中国植物志》杏Armeniaca vulgaris）及其各栽培品中种子味苦者为主流。一般于五月采收其黄熟的果实，取出种核，破壳取仁，阴干或焙干，去皮尖入药。本草记载苦杏仁道地产区为山西太行山地区，现主产于我国北方的山西、山东、河北等地。历代本草认为杏仁有小毒，通过热处理后可减毒增效，燀法及清炒为历代主流炮制方法。此外，自明清时期以来，认为当取其发散作用时，应连皮尖生用。近现代以来，逐步形成历版《中国药典》中所规定的3种炮制品，即苦杏仁、燀苦杏仁及炒苦杏仁。基于考证，建议经典名方中的苦杏仁以杏A. vulgaris为基原，根据处方标注的炮制要求选用相应的炮制规格。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis and caspase-8 and Bcl-2 expression induced by injectable seed extract of Coix lacryma-jobi

BACKGROUND:Many Chinese herbs,especially herbal injections,have been shown to have anti-tumor effects in recent years.However,since most reports focus on the clinical effectiveness of these herbs,their mechanisms of action are not well understood.In this study,we assessed apoptosis in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HepG2 induced by an injectable extract from the seed of Coix lacryma-jobi (Semen coicis,SC),and monitored the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-8.METHODS:Injectable SC was applied to ...