毛尖蘑粗多糖提取方法的研究

目的：优化毛尖蘑子实体粗多糖提取方法,探讨毛尖蘑粗多糖提取的最佳工艺。方法：采用热水浸提法对毛尖蘑中的粗多糖进行提取,比较在不同浸泡温度下毛尖蘑粗多糖的提取率。结果：温度在80℃、90℃、100℃时,提取物经过漂洗,毛尖蘑粗多糖提取率分别为3.712%、2.794%、2.040%;温度在80℃、90℃时,提取物未经过漂洗,毛尖蘑粗多糖提取率分别为1.530%、0.965%。结论：提取毛尖蘑子实体粗多糖的最佳温度是80℃,同时,提取物经漂洗后提取率提高。     

秦巴山区(宁强、柞水、安康试验区)0～14岁儿童精神发育迟滞患病状况调查

目的: 研究秦巴山区精神发育迟滞(MR)高发典型区儿童MR患病率、边缘率、病情程度和病因构成. 方法: 对试验区所有0～14岁儿童进行智力筛查,对可疑MR儿童做智力诊断、医学检查. 结果: ①试验区儿童MR患病率为3.19%,边缘率为4.41%,总患率为7.60%;②儿童MR患病率与边缘率都呈现出随年龄增长而逐渐增加的趋势;③轻度MR占MR总体的大多数,边缘型、轻型和重型之比为5.3∶ 2.9∶ 1.0;④在MR的病因中,已明病因占36.3%,病因暂不明占63.7%. 结论: 试验区均为儿童MR高发典型区,在这些地区开展病因研究、干预措施及组织实施模式的研究,对防治整个秦巴山区乃至国内同类地区的MR儿童有重要意义.     

一起草菇中毒的急性毒性研究

目的:探讨草菇中毒的原因并对其毒性进行评价。方法:SPF级NIH小鼠、Hartly白化豚鼠经口灌胃(0.2 ml/10.0 g.bw)、腹腔注射(0.2 ml/10.0 g.bw)染毒,连续观察7 d。结果:草菇生品对NIH小鼠经口灌胃染毒未见明显毒性;对Hartly豚鼠经口灌胃染毒可出现明显中毒症状,并引起动物死亡。草菇生品对NIH小鼠腹腔注射染毒有较强毒性,草菇熟品未见引起中毒反应。结论:草菇生品有一定的毒性,可能引起中毒反应。     

The Effects of Vitamin D-Enriched Mushrooms and Vitamin D3 on Cognitive Performance and Mood in Healthy Elderly Adults: A Randomised,Double-Blinded,Placebo-Controlled Trial

Despite abundant cross-sectional evidence that low vitamin D status is associated with risk of cognitive decline in ageing, interventional evidence for benefits of vitamin D supplementation is lacking. This study was a 6 month randomised, double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effects of vitamin D3 (D3), enhanced vitamin D2 in a mushroom matrix (D2M), standard mushroom (SM) and placebo (PL) on cognition and mood in n = 436 healthy older male (49%) and female volunteers aged ≥ 60 years. Primary end points were change in serum vitamin D metabolites (25-OH-D, 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3), cognitive performance, and mood over 24 weeks. Levels of total 25-OH-D and 25-OH-D3 were maintained in the D3 arm but decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the remaining arms (D2M, SM and PL). Analysis also revealed differential changes in these metabolites depending on total vitamin D status at baseline. There were no significant effects of treatment on any of the measures of cognitive function or mood. Overall, the results show that daily supplementation of ~600 IU of vitamin D3 was sufficient to maintain 25-OH-D throughout winter months, but in contrast to existing cross-sectional studies there was no support for benefit of vitamin D supplementation for mood or cognition in healthy elderly people.     

四川秦巴山区乡镇卫生院放射诊断应用及从业人员调查

目的 了解四川秦巴山区乡镇卫生院放射诊断应用及专业人员现状,分析基层医学影像人员工作量、人才需求及存在的问题,提出对策措施。方法 采用随机、分层、整群抽样方法,在四川秦巴山区开江、平武、通江、旺苍县通过问卷调查方式,对126家乡镇卫生院的普通放射诊断检查频度和人员配置情况进行调查。结果 乡镇卫生院医疗门诊量年均16431人次,放射诊断检查应用年均2456人次,放射诊断检查年应用占门诊量的14.95%,乡村全人口放射诊断应用为212人次/千人口;在有放射工作场所的乡镇卫生院中,放射人员配备率为36.51%,其中中专和专科学历占78.82%,初级职称占55.29%。医学影像人才的需求调查显示,大专毕业生的需求率达82.98%。结论 四川秦巴山区乡镇卫生院放射诊断检查应用低,医学影像专业应用人才贫乏;医学高等职业院校应加强对影像专业人才的培养,以适应基层医疗卫生服务需要。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法检测香菇中残留的福美双、丙森锌和代森联

目的建立福美双、丙森锌、代森联3种农药残留在香菇样品中的气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法用带有强螯合作用的碱性缓冲溶液将不溶于水的二硫代氨基甲酸重金属盐转化为不同的水溶性钠盐,在离子对甲基化的作用下将二硫代氨基甲酸钠盐转化为不同的甲酯化合物,采用DB-5MS毛细管气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,选择离子扫描方式进行气相色谱-串联质谱检测,工作曲线外标法定量。结果衍生后的二硫代氨基甲酸盐类农药在一定范围内(福美双0.05~1.00μg/mL;丙森锌和代森联0.25~5.00μg/mL),其浓度与气质联用仪相应定量离子的响应峰面积呈良好的线性关系。福美双、丙森锌、代森联的检出限分别为0.01、0.05、0.05 mg/kg,平均回收率为76.98%~93.52%,相对标准偏差最大为11.54%(n=6)。结论该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、定量准确可靠,各项指标均符合农药残留检测的要求。     

Novel trypanocide from an extract of Pleurotus sajor-caju against Trypanosoma congolense

Context: Control of African trypanosomiasis relies on chemotherapy, but the development of resistance and the problem of drug residues require research for alternatives. Triterpenes and phenolics, the major constituents of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer (Pleurotaceae), are reported to be effective against trypanosomiasis.

Objective: Trypanocidal effect of whole Pleurotus sajor-caju aqueous extract was investigated in vivo against Trypanosoma congolense.

Materials and methods: Mice (25–32?g) were divided into seven groups of six animals. Mice in groups A–F received 2.5?×?10⁴ trypanosomes, while group G was uninfected. Extracts (100–250?mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days to groups A–D while diminazine aceturate (group E) and normal saline (group F) served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Parasitemia, survival time, body weight and haematological parameters were monitored for 60 days post-treatment.

Results: Parasitemia decreased significantly (p?50 was 221.5?mg/kg. The packed cell volume (PCV) and the weight of mice treated with 250?mg/kg extract were 46.20?±?2.6% and 32.05?±?3.63?g, respectively, which is higher than the group treated with diminazine aceturate. The mean survival time of animals in groups D and E was >60 days, while that of group F was <4 days. Differential leucocyte count on day 68 post-infection in groups C, D and E were not significantly different.

Conclusion: Pleurotus sajor-caju therefore could be a potential source of new trypanocidal drugs.     

Griflola frondosa (GF) produces significant antidepressant effects involving AMPA receptor activation in mice

Context: Griflola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (Meripilaceae) (GF) is a medical mushroom, and its regulation of the immune system is of interest for the treatment of mood disorders. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the central mediator for the treatment of depression.

Objective: This study examines the antidepressant effects of GF and the role of AMPA in these antidepressant effects.

Materials and methods: The CD-1 mice were fed with GF- or Pleurotus ostreatus [(Jacq.: Fr) Kumm (Pleurotaceae)] (PO)-containing food for 1?day or 5 days. The antidepressant effects was determined in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT). The involvement of AMPA receptors was determined by the application of the AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466.

Results: Treatments with 20%, 33% or 50% of GF-containing food significantly decreased the immobility time (63.6, 56.9, and 52.0% in TST; and 50.8, 43.2, and 38.2% in FST) after 1?day and (62.3, 51.8, and 52.8% in TST; and 49.5, 45.1, and 40.3% in FST) after 5 days. GF-containing food did not cause hyperactive effects in the OFT. The antidepressant effects of the 33% of GF-containing food (down-to 51.3% in 1-day TST and 46.8% in 5-day FST) were significantly stronger than that of the 33% of PO-containing food (down-to 85.5% in 1-day TST and 82.0% in 5-day FST). AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effects of the GF-containing food.

Conclusion: GF demonstrated the potential as a safe medical food supplement for the patient with depression.     

Occupational asthma caused by champignon flies

BACKGROUND: Occupational bronchial asthma in mushroom (champignon) workers is unusual, although reports on it appeared in 1938 and 1951; we have not found any others since those dates. Here we report the case of a 52-year-old man who works as a champignon cultivator. He suffered rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma attacks whenever he entered the champignon culture caves. We studied flies as a possible antigen source. We collected these insects from the growing sites in order to identify them, and then prepare an extract; the samples turned out to be of two families of insects of the order Diptera, 98% from the Phoridae family (Brachycera suborder) and 2% from the Sciaridae (Nematocera suborder). METHODS: Skin prick tests, conjunctival provocation tests, serum specific IgE, specific IgE-binding fractions in immunoblotting, and monitoring of PEFR (at work and off work) were performed. RESULTS: IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to these flies was demonstrated by skin prick test, conjunctival provocation test, serum specific IgE, and IgE-binding fractions in immunoblotting. Monitoring of PEFR both at work and off work showed a clear relationship between symptoms, or fall in PEFR, and the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a patient suffering from asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis caused by hypersensitivity to fly proteins.