端粒酶反义脱氧核苷酸与多糖对HL-60细胞的影响

目的　研究人类端粒酶反义脱氧核苷酸及其与梁金菇多糖协同作用对HL 6 0细胞凋亡及端粒酶活性的影响。方法　端粒酶反义脱氧核苷酸单独或与梁金菇多糖协同处理HL 6 0细胞后 ,分别用涂片法、流式细胞仪法和电镜检测两种药物处理后对细胞凋亡的影响 ,以TRAP Elisa法检测对端粒酶活性的影响。结果　端粒酶反义核酸单独或与梁金菇多糖协同处理HL 6 0均可提高细胞的凋亡率并抑制端粒酶活性 ,两者协同处理效果更显著。结论　端粒酶反义核酸可降低细胞的端粒酶活性并诱导细胞调亡 ,梁金菇多糖则可加强这种作用。     

Inhibitory effects of ergosterol isolated from the edible mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus on TPA-induced inflammatory ear oedema and tumour promotion in mice

An antitumour-promoting activity in two-stage carcinogenesis, was found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the Japanese edible mushroom ‘Buna-shimeji’, Hypsizigus marmoreus (Tricholomataceae). From the active fractions of the extracts, two sterols, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide, were isolated. The isolates showed inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced ear inflammation in mice, and ergosterol markedly inhibited tumour promotion in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment. These sterols may be useful in developing an effective method of cancer prevention.     

Three-dimensional average-shape atlas of the honeybee brain and its applications

The anatomical substrates of neural nets are usually composed from reconstructions of neurons that were stained in different preparations. Realistic models of the structural relationships between neurons require a common framework. Here we present 3-D reconstructions of single projection neurons (PN) connecting the antennal lobe (AL) with the mushroom body (MB) and lateral horn, groups of intrinsic mushroom body neurons (type 5 Kenyon cells), and a single mushroom body extrinsic neuron (PE1), aiming to compose components of the olfactory pathway in the honeybee. To do so, we constructed a digital standard atlas of the bee brain. The standard atlas was created as an average-shape atlas of 22 neuropils, calculated from 20 individual immunostained whole-mount bee brains. After correction for global size and positioning differences by repeatedly applying an intensity-based nonrigid registration algorithm, a sequence of average label images was created. The results were qualitatively evaluated by generating average gray-value images corresponding to the average label images and judging the level of detail within the labeled regions. We found that the first affine registration step in the sequence results in a blurred image because of considerable local shape differences. However, already the first nonrigid iteration in the sequence corrected for most of the shape differences among individuals, resulting in images rich in internal detail. A second iteration improved on that somewhat and was selected as the standard. Registering neurons from different preparations into the standard atlas reveals 1) that the m-ACT neuron occupies the entire glomerulus (cortex and core) and overlaps with a local interneuron in the cortical layer; 2) that, in the MB calyces and the lateral horn of the protocerebral lobe, the axon terminals of two identified m-ACT neurons arborize in separate but close areas of the neuropil; and 3) that MB-intrinsic clawed Kenyon cells (type 5), with somata outside the calycal cups, project to the peduncle and lobe output system of the MB and contact (proximate) the dendritic tree of the PE1 neuron at the base of the vertical lobe. Thus the standard atlas and the procedures applied for registration serve the function of creating realistic neuroanatomical models of parts of a neural net. The Honeybee Standard Brain is accessible at www.neurobiologie.fu-berlin.de/beebrain.     

Dietary lectins can stimulate pancreatic growth in the rat

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of nonimmune origin, which bind specifically to carbohydrate structures. They are widespread in the human diet, and many are resistant to digestion. High doses of lectins have been shown to stimulate intestinal and pancreatic growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term actions of low doses of lectins on the rat intestine and pancreas. A long-term carcinogenesis study was performed using low levels (40 micro g/rat/day) of peanut (PNA) or mushroom lectin (ABA) which bind to O-linked (mucin-type) oligosaccharides in the gut. While this was primarily designed as a colon carcinogenesis study, the pancreas was also investigated. No significant changes in colon carcinogenesis were seen, however, the colons were slightly heavier in the lectin treated groups. The weight of the pancreas was significantly greater (by 18 and 23%) in both lectin treated groups (P < 0.03/0.001). The weights of the acini and septal tissue were also increased by 39-46% in PNA and ABA fed animals, respectively (P < 0.002); there was no significant change in the endocrine pancreas. In conclusion, long-term feeding of low doses of lectin can influence pancreatic growth, and this trophic action may have potential adverse implications for the development of pancreatic cancer in humans.     

Mushroom worker's lung resulting from indoor cultivation of Pleurotus osteatus

Indoor cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus osteatus lead to an outbreak of extrinsic allergic alveolitis in two workers. High titer of indirect fluorescent antibody and positive precipitins against basidiospores of P. osteatus were demonstrated in sera of the patients. Mushroom workers should protect themselves from the basidiospores, being aware of their pathogenicity.     

真菌植物松茸提取物体外抑制苯并(a)芘致突变作用研究

目的:寻找安全有效的抗突变生物资源,为利用生物资源预防肿瘤提供科学依据.方法:采用修改的Ames试验,研究松茸提取物PME对强致癌物B(a)P致突变作用的影响.结果:PME能显著性抑制B(a)P的致突变作用(P＜0.01),对测试菌株TA97、TA98和TA100的诱发回变菌落形成抑制率最高分别达到91.0%、97.8%和90.5%,PME可使B(a)P的诱发回变菌落数下降至阴性范围.PME抑制B(a)P致突变作用存在明显的剂量反应关系.结论:松茸提取物PME对B(a)P致突变作用具有显著的抑制作用,PME具有抗突变作用,在肿瘤预防方面具有应用前景.     

林芝地区急性毒蕈中毒78例临床分析

目的　探讨林芝地区毒蕈中毒的临床特征及治疗方法。　方法　对我院 2 0 0 3年 7～ 8月收治的78例毒蕈中毒患者进行临床分析。　结果　 77例患者以胃肠炎型为主 ,1例中毒患者因急性溶血、多脏器功能衰竭及出血倾向死亡。　结论　重视毒蕈中毒的临床特点 ,争取早期联合治疗 ,防止肝、肾等多脏器功能的损害     

Mushroom body feedback interneurones in the honeybee show GABA-like immunoreactivity

The distribution of the transmitter substance GABA was investigated in the mushroom body neuropile of the honeybee by means of immunohistochemistry. The protocerebro-calycal tract (PCT) links a mushroom body output area with the calycal input sites. Interneurones contained within the PCT exhibit GABA-like immunoreactivity and may function as negative feedback loop.     

二氧化氯控制盐渍食用菌中厌氧亚硫酸盐还原梭菌行性分析

[目的]探讨将ClO2消毒剂应用于盐渍食用菌加工过程,以控制加工过程中污染菌,特别是抗逆力极强的厌氧亚硫酸还原梭菌的可行性.[方法]分别以产气荚膜梭菌标准菌株和野生菌株作为供试菌株,采用悬液定量杀菌试验、人工染菌模拟样品杀菌试验的方法观察ClO2杀菌效果;采用不同浓度的ClO2作用盐渍滑子蘑,研究其对盐渍食用菌感官的影响.[结果]悬液定量杀菌试验结果表明200-300mg/L的CIO2作用30min,对产气荚膜梭菌的芽胞的 杀灭绝对值可达4以上.人工模拟样品实验结果表明,ClO2浓度在400mg/L,作用30 min,杀灭绝对值可达到4以上.感官试验结果表明ClO2浓度低于300mg/L,对盐渍滑子蘑感官影响不大.[结论]ClO2消毒剂可应用于盐渍食用菌中,以控制和消除厌氧亚硫酸盐还原梭菌的污染.