问题解决能力在新护士自我效能感与离职意愿间的中介作用

[目的]评估新护士自我效能感、问题解决能力与离职意愿现状,分析三者的路径关系。[方法]便利抽样选取河南省某三级甲等医院138名参与规范化培训的新护士为研究对象,采用一般自我效能感量表、问题解决能力量表和离职意愿量表对其进行问卷调查。[结果]自我效能感和积极型问题解决能力与新护士离职意愿呈负相关(r=-0.588,P<0.01;r=-0.668,P<0.01),积极型问题解决能力在新护士自我效能感和离职意愿的关系中具有中介作用,中介效应占总效应的59.4%。[结论]护理管理者在对新护士进行规范化培训时,应重视其积极型问题解决能力的培养,以更好地提升新护士自我效能感,减少离职现象。     

Testing the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I-POE) with a national sample of adolescents

This article assesses the utility of the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I-POE) in a national sample of adolescents in the United States. The study was based on a cross-sectional national telephone survey of 1560 Internet users, ages 10 through 17. Data were collected between August, 2010 and January, 2011. The I-POE is an 18-item binary response index which can be used to assess problematic internet use across multiple behaviors and activities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a revised index with two factors: a 9-item “excessive use” scale and a 9-item “online social and communication problems” scale among this population. The I-POE showed favorable psychometric properties including adequate internal consistency for the overall scale and for the two subscales. Scores correlate with offline emotional and behavioral difficulties and the I-POE could have value for use as a part of broad mental health assessment procedures in clinical or school settings.     

器官移植患者随访中的问题与解决方案

目的对当前器官移植患者随访专业人员设置的问题并探讨相应的解决方案。方法结合当前国内移植中心对移植患者随访工作开展的现状及某院开展随访工作的经验,对当前的随访工作中存在的问题提出解决方案。结果构建完善专业岗位人员以保障患者健康为核心、复查为手段的随访方式是可行的途径。结论实施完善的随访手段有望改善当前移植患者随访工作的现状。     

提高手术室护理质量中存在的3个问题及对策

从术前、术中、术后三方面探讨手术室护理质量中存着的问题及原因。根据实际存在的问题提出解决方案纠偏改错，提高手术室护理质量，减少病人痛苦。     

Effects of acute beta-adrenergic antagonism on verbal problem solving in autism spectrum disorder and exploration of treatment response markers

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors. Evidence suggests that some individuals with ASD have cognitive impairments related to weak central coherence and hyperrestricted processing. Reducing noradrenergic activity may improve aspects of network processing and thus improve cognitive abilities, such as verbal problem solving, in individuals with ASD. The present pilot study explores the effects of acute administration of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol on verbal problem solving in adults and adolescents with ASD. In a within-subject crossover-design, 20 participants with ASD received a single dose of propranolol or placebo on one of two sessions in a double-blinded, counterbalanced manner. Verbal problem solving was assessed via an anagram task. Baseline measurements of autonomic nervous system functioning were obtained, and anxiety was assessed at baseline and following drug administration. Participants solved the anagrams more quickly in the propranolol condition, as compared to the placebo condition, suggesting a potential cognitive benefit of this agent. Additionally, we observed a negative linear relationship between response to propranolol on the anagram task and two measures of baseline autonomic activity, as well as a positive linear relationship between drug response and baseline anxiety. These relationships propose potential markers for treatment response, as propranolol influences both autonomic functioning and anxiety. Further investigation is needed to expand on the present single-dose psychopharmacological challenge and explore the observed effects of propranolol in a serial-dose setting.     

Brain stimulation enables the solution of an inherently difficult problem

Certain problems are inherently difficult for the normal human mind. Yet paradoxically they can be effortless for those with an unusual mind. We discovered that an atypical protocol for non-invasive brain stimulation enabled the solution of a problem that was previously unsolvable. The majority of studies over the last century find that no participants can solve the nine-dot problem – a fact we confirmed. But with 10 min of right lateralising transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), more than 40% of participants did so. Specifically, whereas no participant solved this extremely difficult problem before stimulation or with sham stimulation, 14 out of 33 participants did so with cathodal stimulation of the left anterior temporal lobe together with anodal stimulation of the right anterior temporal lobe. This finding suggests that our stimulation paradigm might be helpful for mitigating cognitive biases or dealing with a broader class of tasks that, although deceptively simple, are nonetheless extremely difficult due to our cognitive makeup.     

《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》修订工作中值得关注的几个问题

目前，《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》正在修订。为了使新修订的《国境卫生检疫法》既能达到《国际卫生条例（2005）》规定的各项要求，又能适合中国国境卫生检疫工作的实际，在修订中要关注的问题包括：将卫生检疫纳入整个卫生体系的框架中去；确立卫生检疫源头管理、风险分析等疾病控制理念的法律基础；要从传染病控制专业的角度和坚持现代立法精神、充分保障人权、建立和谐社会的角度对传染病人的管理问题进行深入的研究，以做出适当的修订，以使《国境卫生检疫法》更加科学、更加适应时代发展的要求。     

我国中药材市场存在的问题及监管对策

目的:探究我国中药材市场存在的问题,为其监管提供建议及对策。方法:剖析我国中药材市场的现状和存在问题的原因。结果和结论:我国中药材市场的中药材、中药饮片的质量问题不容乐观,亟待加强对其质量方面的监督和管理。