A new stilbene glucoside gallate from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum

A new stilbenoid (1) was isolated from the root extract of Polygonum multiflorum together with eight known constituents (2∼9). The chemical structure of 1 was established as the 6″-O-monogalloyl ester of (E)-2,3,4′,5-β-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-β-D-glucopyranoside based on physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses, particularly by NMR spectroscopic data, i.e., COSY, HMQC and HMBC. Compound 1 weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase in vitro.     

藏边大黄的化学成分研究

目的研究藏边大黄的化学成分。方法用硅胶、聚酰胺柱色谱分离结合重结晶方法进行分离纯化。用MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR谱学方法结合化学方法确定化合物的结构。结果从藏边大黄干燥根与根茎的乙醇提取物中分得18个化合物,鉴定了其中16个化合物的结构,分别为大黄酚(1)、大黄素甲醚(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、大黄素(4)、芦荟大黄素(5)、波叶素(6)、胡萝卜苷(7)、d-儿茶素(8)、反式-3,5,3′,4′-四羟基茋(9)、反式-3,5,3′,4′-四羟基茋-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、反式-3,5,3′,4′-四羟基茋-4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-p-香豆酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、大黄酚-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)、大黄素甲醚-1和8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13a和13b)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)、蔗糖(15)。同时得到一种大黄酸类似物,因量少未得到最终的结构确定。结论化合物11为一新化合物,命名为波叶苷(rheoside),化合物13a和13b系首次从该植物中分得。     

血三七抗氧化活性成分研究

 目的 研究民间药材血三七的抗氧化活性成分。方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等色谱方法进行分离纯化,通过波谱学方法及与文献对照鉴定化合物的结构;并利用氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC测定方法评价化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果 分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别为胡萝卜苷（1,槲皮素-3-O-α-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷（2,根皮苷（3,没食子酸（4,(2R,3R-5,7,2',5'-四羟基-黄烷-3-醇（5,儿茶素（6,原儿茶酸甲酯（7,没食子酸甲酯（8,lyoniresinol（9,反式阿魏酸（10,原儿茶酸（11和绿原酸甲酯（12。化合物2~7,9~12的抗氧化活性强于抗坏血酸（VitC,化合物８的抗氧化活性较弱。结论 所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中2~3,5和12为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物2~12均有一定抗氧化活性。     

Authentication of the family Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia by DNA barcoding technique

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Medicinal plants belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia possess important medicinal efficacy in traditional Chinese medicines.

Aim of the study

DNA barcodes are first used to discriminate the Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia and their adulterants.

Materials and methods

DNA samples, extracted from thirty-eight specimens belonging to eighteen species in Polygonaceae, were used as templates. Eight candidate barcodes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis was accomplished by CodonCode Aligner V 2.06 and DNAman V 6. Species identification was performed using MEGA V 4.0.

Results

The amplification efficiency of six candidate DNA barcodes (rbcL, trnH-psbA, ndhJ, rpoB, rpoC1, accD) was 100%, while the efficiency of YCF5 and nrITS was 56% and 44%, respectively. The interspecific divergence was highest for the trnH-psbA (20.05%), followed by the nrITS (14.01%) across all species pairs, while intraspecific variation both within populations and between populations was absent (0.0%). The trnH-psbA can not only distinguish ten species of Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia, but also recognize eight other species of Polygonaceae including their adulterants.

Conclusion

Our findings show that DNA barcoding is an efficient tool for identification of Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia and their adulterants.     

窄叶大黄蒽醌类化学成分研究

目的对窄叶大黄根及根茎的化学成分进行研究.方法采用硅胶柱层析进行分离,通过化学和波谱分析方法鉴定化合物结构.结果分离得到6个蒽酯类化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚(chrysophanol,Ⅰ)、大黄素甲醚(physcion,Ⅱ)、大黄素(emodin,Ⅲ)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅳ)、芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅴ)和ω-羟基大黄素(citreorosein,Ⅵ).结论上述化合物均为首次从窄叶大黄中分得.     

Chemical constituents from the rhizome of Polygonum paleaceum and their antifungal activity

A new compounds neopaleaceolactoside (1), along with nine known compounds phyllocoumarin (2), quercetin (3), quercitrin (4), quercetin-3-methyl ether (5), vincetoxicoside B (6), isoquercitrin (7), kaempferol (8), (-)-epicatechin (9), and chlorogenic acid (10), was isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Their chemical structures were established based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, mass spectrometry and by comparison with spectroscopic data reported. Some selected compounds were screened for their antifungal activity. Quercetin (3), vincetoxicoside B (6), kaempferol (8), and (-)-epicatechin (9) showed synergistic antifungal activities with the FICI values <0.5. A preliminary structure-activity relationship could be observed that free 3-OH in the structure of flavonoids was important for synergistic antifungal activity.     

Studies on chemical constituents of Polygonum perforliatum L

Two new apianen lactones, named as guanyeliaoine I (1) and guanyeliaoine II (2), have been isolated along with seven known compounds from Polygonum perforliatum L. (Chinese name “Guanyeliao”, Berberidaceae). Their structures were deduced on the basis of spectral data and chemical methods.     

Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitory components of Polygonum multiflorum

The methanolic extract of the roots of Polygonum multiflorum (Polygonaceae) was found to show inhibitory activity towards farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of two anthraquinone glycosides, as inhibitors of FPTase. These compounds inhibited the FPTase activity in a dose-dependent manner.     

Several chromones from the stems of Polygonum aubertii Henry

Two new 2-alkylchromanones, 2-tricosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-chromanone (6) and 2-pentacosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-chromanone (7), together with five known 2-alkylated chromones and chromanones (1–5), were isolated from the stems of Polygonum aubertii Henry. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D, 2D NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), and HR-ESI-MS techniques. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for these compounds is described.     

Antibacterial efficacy of Rumex nepalensis Spreng. roots

The antibacterial property of Rumex nepalensis Spreng. was evaluated against some strains of bacteria. The methanol extract of the roots (tested at 200-1000 micro g/disc) showed significant concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.