Context: Dietary botanicals are often consumed together with allopathic medicines, which may give rise to pharmacokinetic interactions. In vitro intestinal models are useful to identify botanical-drug interactions, but they may exhibit different expressions of transporters or enzymes.Objective: To compare the effects of selected dietary botanical extracts on cimetidine transport across two in vitro intestinal models.Materials and Methods: Bi-directional transport of cimetidine was measured across Caco-2 cell monolayers and excised porcine jejunum tissue in the absence (control) as well as the presence of verapamil (positive control) and selected plant extracts.Results: Sclerocarya birrea Hochst. (Anacardiaceae) (marula) and Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) (guava) crude extracts significantly decreased cimetidine efflux in both in vitro models resulting in increased absorptive transport of the drug. On the other hand, Dovyalis caffra Sim. (Flacourtiaceae) (Kei-apple), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae) (peach), Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren (Fabaceae) (rooibos tea), Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) (carrot), Prunus domestica A. Sav. (Rosaceae) (plum), Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae) (beetroot) and Fragaria x ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier. (Rosaceae) (strawberry) crude extracts exhibited different effects on cimetidine transport between the two models.Discussion: Caco-2 cells were more sensitive to changes in cimetidine transport by the plant extracts and therefore may overestimate the effects of co-administered plant extracts on drug transport compared to the excised pig tissue model, which is congruent with findings from previous studies.Conclusions: The excised porcine jejunum model seemed to provide a more realistic estimation of botanical-drug pharmacokinetic interactions than the Caco-2 cell model. 相似文献
Objective: Tea (Camellia sinensis Linn.; family: Theaceae) is popular as a stimulant beverage across the globe and is also utilized as a functional antioxidant in alternative medicine. This study has evaluated the impact of seasonal variation on phyto-constituents of tea.
Method: The antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of tea leaves collected in the rainy season (MECR) was compared with the extract of tea leaves collected in the autumn season (MECA) of the same mother plant. Evaluation of in vivo antitumor activity was carried out in adult female Swiss albino mice groups inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to compare efficacy of MECR with that of MECA in the EAC cell line. Both qualitative and quantitative tests for phytochemical constituents present in MECA and MECR were performed. Antitumor efficacy of both the extracts was determined by evaluating different tumor markers showing dose-dependent cytotoxicity.
Results: Statistically significant reduction in EAC-induced tumor was observed in MECR treated mice compared to MECA treated ones. Cell decimation was significantly higher with MECR treatment, where restoration of different parameters including tissue structures returned to normal. Moreover, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study revealed the presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene derivative in MECR, which is thought to be a novel source of these chemicals.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, there is no report that has attempted to reveal nutritional changes in terms of efficacy and variation in anticancer constituents in tea leaves, plucked in two seasons. This study revealed a novel source of barbital and benzazulene derivative. The unique presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene, as revealed from GC-MS data, in methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the rainy season (MECR) may have contributed to its enhanced in vitro (adopting MTT assay) and in vivo (on EAC-infected Swiss albino mice) cytotoxicity vis-à-vis antiproliferative properties compared to methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the autumn season (MECA). The nature of plucking leaves in the two selected seasons is different. 相似文献
Four rare cases of plant thorn synovitis of left elbow were admitted at our institution, which were initially misdiagnosed as partially treated septic arthritis of elbow or Juvenile inflammatory arthritis. All of them were of paediatric age group. Symptoms included pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion of affected joint. On examination synovitis was present in all patients.Roentgenograms & Ultrasonography were inconclusive in all patients, Definitive diagnosis was made only after arthrotomy, Thorn fragments (Acacia arabica) were recovered from the hypertrophied synovium & subtotal synovectomy was done and sent for histopathological examination. All patients improved after surgery with mean residual flexion deformity of 12.5 ± 2.86°. Plant thorn induced synovitis of elbow is rare, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis of elbow and a high index of suspicion is needed for retained thorn fragments in elbow joint causing synovitis. Its optimal treatment is arthrotomy, foreign body removal and total/subtotal synovectomy. 相似文献
To document ethnobotanical informations of useful woody plant species in the region of Kotli, Azad Kashmir.MethodsAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Kotli. Data were collected by interview and semi structured questionnaire from selected local informants and traditional practitioners as well as by field assessment.ResultsThe present study documented the etnobotanical uses of 33 woody plant species. Most of the species have been used for dual purpose. Only 5 species are used for one purpose. Study revealed all species have medicinal value, among which 21 were used as fuel wood species, 16 as fodder species, 4 as timber wood species, 12 as edible fruit species, 6 as fence or hedge plant, 7 as ornamental species and 12 species had other uses.ConclusionsMedicinal plants are still widely used for health care by locals of Kotli. Some species of woodlands seem to be vulnerable to overcollection and deforestation. As the young generation is diverted toward allelopathic medicines, ethnobotanical knowledges of important medicinal plants are restricted to the old people only. It is suggested to close the forest of district Kotli for next two to three decades for the conservation of plant biodiversity. 相似文献
The antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria
Gram positive, Gram negative, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37
and Mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of Agar
diffusion and microdilution in broth. Among the extracts evaluated by Agar diffusion,
the extract of Bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive
average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract
of B. pilosa flower, of Eugenia pyriformis'' leaf
and seed, of Plinia cauliflora leaf which statistically presented
the same average of haloes inhibitory formation on bacteria Gram positive, Gram
negative and yeasts. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata did not
present activity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and
Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) appeared resistant to all the extracts.
The susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi were compared to one another and
to the Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus
faecalis and the Gram negative Salmonella typhimurium
bacteria (p > 0.05). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried
out on C6-36 larvae cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. The
extracts of stem and flower of Heliconia rostrata, leaf and stem of
Plinia cauliflora, seed of Anonna crassiflora
and stem, flower and root of B. pilosa did not present toxicity in
the analyzed concentrations. The highest rates of selectivity appeared in the
extracts of stem of A. crassiflora and flower of B.
pilosa to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting potential
for future studies about a new drug development. 相似文献