苹果提取物抗辐射效应的研究

目的 :　研究苹果提取物的组成成分及其抗辐射效应。方法 :　利用分光光度法及HPLC法分析苹果提取物中酚类物质 ,并采用灌胃方式给予实验小鼠 ,连续灌胃 30 d后接受 7Gy60 Co-γ射线一次性辐照 ,照射后一半动物取血进行白细胞计数 ,另一半动物观察平均存活时间和 30d存活率。结果 :　 (1 )苹果提取物中主要的酚类成分为原花青素低聚体 ,儿茶素单体 ,酚酸 ,黄酮等酚类物质。 (2 )灌胃高剂量苹果提取物 30 d的小鼠经 7Gy一次性辐射后 ,第 7d小鼠白细胞数量比辐射对照组提高了 1 1 2 % (P<0 .0 1 ) ,第 1 4 d小鼠白细胞数量提高了 52 % (P<0 .0 5) ;且苹果提取物高剂量组小鼠的 30 d存活率明显高于辐射对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。 (3)服用中、高剂量的小鼠比辐射对照组平均存活天数分别提高了 72 % (P<0 .0 1 )和 69% (P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :　苹果提取物对 7Gy剂量一次性照射具有拮抗作用。其主要成分可能为原花青素低聚体 ,儿茶素等酚类物质。     

Improvement of fruit allergenic extracts for immunoblotting experiments

A method based on ion-exchange column chromatography to enhance the protein content of fruit allergenic extracts was found to help make the subsequent SDS-PAGE immunoblotting assays possible; otherwise, they were difficult to achieve due to the high carbohydrate content. Fractionated extracts of apple, pear, and peach (peel and pulp) were obtained by anion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose^TM column), providing clear electrophoretic patterns which allowed IgE detection by enzymatic assays of the transferred membranes. This chromatographic method produced in one single step an enriched extract directly from the standard crude aqueous one, with an increment in the protein content of more than sixfold, on average; thus, it proved to be more suitable than the usual chemical fractionation procedures.     

麦胚提取物对辐射损伤修复的实验研究

目的 研究麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复的调节和保护作用。方法 采用辐射前或辐射同时饲喂一定量的麦胚提取物，观察小鼠经X射线一次性全身照射后的临床症状、30d存活率、骨髓微核率、外周血白细胞总数在不同时间的变化。结果 与对照组(单纯照射)比较，饲喂麦胚提取物可使小鼠的头面部皮肤、小肠黏膜、肾脏损伤症状得到明显改善；30d存活率为86．17％(P＜0．01)，提高存活率41．79％，保护系数为1．72；骨髓微核率4．62‰；比对照组(12．14‰)降低(P＜0．01)；外周血白细胞总数在7，13，20，30d均显回升(P＜0.05，P＜0．01，P＜0．01，P＜0．01)。结论 麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复有一定程度的调节和保护作用，对于辅助肿瘤放射治疗具有重要意义。     

注射供者的肝匀浆提取液延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活时间

目的探讨注射供者的肝匀浆提取液对大鼠淋巴细胞功能及大鼠异位移植心的影响。方法以Wistar大鼠为供者,SD大鼠为受者。制作Wistar大鼠的肝匀浆提取液；建立大鼠同种异体异位心脏移植模型。(1)经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml,14d后取供、受者的血液,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分别测定受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)。(2)心脏移植术前2h经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml。心脏移植术后分别观察受者注射同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后移植心脏的存活时间；心脏停跳后取移植心做病理检查及免疫组织化学检测。结果受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向MLR比较,前者明显减轻,吸光度A值分别为：0．434±0．034和0．522±0．015,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。心脏移植术前,受者接受同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后,前者移植心脏存活时间延长,分别为(38．05±17．07)d和(9．86±2．67)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)；且前者心肌出血、坏死程度更轻,心肌组织内IgM和IgG沉积更少。结论注射同一供者的肝匀浆提取液能特异性抑制相应个体抗原引起的淋巴细胞增殖反应,减轻大鼠移植心脏的排斥反应,明显延长其存活时间。     

Pollen extracts reduce the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol in mice

Cernitins are preparations obtained from plant pollen which contain numerous compounds of potential biological significance. This work deals with the influence of cernitins upon acute paracetamol toxicity in mice. The survival rate and indices of hepatic injury: aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, bilirubin level in serum, glutathione and cytochrome P-450 content in liver, liver weight, histopathologic picture of the liver and presence of glycogen and lipids in stained liver sections, under different experimental protocols, were determined. It was found that cernitins are able to increase the survival rate of mice and reduce liver injury in acute paracetamol poisoning. Cernitins are more effective when administered after, rather than before, a dose of paracetamol. The possible mechanism through which cernitins may act is discussed.     

煤焦沥青烟雾提取物的细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究

采用人外周血淋巴细胞非程序DNA合成(UDS)试验和人胚肺成纤维细胞转化试验,测试了煤焦沥青烟雾提取物(ECTPF)对人体细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。UDS试验结果表明,ECTPF可使淋巴细胞UDS值明显增加,并有剂量一反应关系。引起半数淋巴细胞死亡的浓度(LC50)为33.8μg/ml。细胞转化试验表明,ECTPF能诱发人胚肺成纤维细胞明显的形态学转化,且转化细胞具有部分恶性转化细胞的特性。引起半数人胚肺成纤维细胞生长抑制的浓度为41.3μg/ml。实验结果提示,ECTPF是一种具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性的物质。     

Anthelmintic activity of some sudanese medicinal plants

The anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts (0.25–50 mg/mL) from 14 plant species that represent seven families of the Sudanese flora was examined using the free living rhabditid nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as a test organism. Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca and Sesbania sesban were the most effective (LC₅₀, 0.8 and 8.0 mg/mL, respectively). Extracts of Albizzia anthelmintica, Cymbopogen narvatus, Abrus precatorius, Rhyncosia minima, Striga hermonthica and Anogeissus leiocarpa (LC₅₀, 9.5–84.6 mg/mL were less effective in this model test system. Extracts of six plant species, Albizzia malacophylla, Gardenia lutea, Physostigma mesoponticum, Salvadora persica, Xeromphis nilotica and Waltheria indica had no effect upon C. elegans survival.     

细辛非挥发性提取物抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:考察细辛不同煎煮时间的水煎液及不同浓度乙醇提取物是否具有抗炎及镇痛作用,并初步探讨细辛的抗炎镇痛作用机制.方法:采用ICR小鼠,以小鼠耳肿胀法对北细辛(根和根茎)水煎液(提取挥发油后水煎液和临床常用水煎液)和乙醇提取物(95%乙醇提取物和50%乙醇提取物)进行抗炎作用的评价;以热板法对北细辛水煎液进行镇痛作用的评价;并以去肾上腺试验和纳洛酮阻断试验,探讨细辛水煎液的抗炎镇痛机制.结果:二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀试验中,北细辛2种水煎液明显减轻炎症肿胀度,高剂量时抑制率分别为43.20%,和63.69%,而对二甲苯所致去肾上腺小鼠耳肿胀无抑制作用;北细辛95%乙醇提取物和50%乙醇提取物均能抑制小鼠耳肿胀,高剂量时抑制率分别为61.86%和52.56%.在热板试验中,北细辛2种水煎液高、低剂量均使痛反应潜伏期明显延长,镇痛作用在2.0 h达高峰;2.0 h各组痛阈提高率分别为51.27%,62.78%,60.08%和68.00%;经纳洛酮预处理后潜伏期明显缩短,北细辛水煎液未显示镇痛作用.结论:北细辛水煎液有明显的抗炎和镇痛作用.临床常用水煎液的抗炎镇痛作用强于提取挥发油后的水煎液.北细辛乙醇提取物具有显著的抗炎作用,95%乙醇提取物抗炎作用与50%乙醇提取物相当.北细辛水煎液抗炎作用有肾上腺的参与,镇痛作用与阿片受体有关.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.