3种抗菌药物治疗细菌性肺炎的药物经济学分析

目的:评价3种抗菌药物治疗细菌性肺炎的疗效及经济学结果。方法:186例细菌性肺炎患者随机分为A、B、C组,分别给予头孢噻肟钠、左氧氟沙星、氯唑西林钠治疗,观察各组疗效、不良反应,并运用药物经济学方法进行分析。结果:A、B、C组总有效率分别为77.42%、87.10%、72.58%(P>0.05);总成本分别为(1184.93±321.72)、(1532.59±426.35)、(1830.35±311.83)元(P<0.05),其中A组成本最低。结论:头孢噻肟钠治疗细菌性肺炎较佳。     

我国药物经济学研究现状分析和探讨

目的:探讨药物经济学在我国的应用.方法:采用文献计量学的方法和药物经济学评价标准,对我国已开展的药物经济学研究进行分析.结果:我国药物经济学的研究仍以理论探讨为主,在方案的研究中较多缺乏明确的观点,对成本计算方法、敏感度分析方面的正确运用不足.结论:仍需进行我国药物经济学研究的方法学讨论,并应建立适合国情的研究和方法学的标准.     

Adherence of Pharmacoeconomic Studies to National Guidelines in the Netherlands

Objective: This study examines the adherence of Dutch pharmacoeconomic studies to the national guidelines of conducting a pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Methods: Dutch guidelines for pharmacoeconomic research were issued in 1999. All Dutch pharmacoeconomic studies that were published in English during 2000–2002 were selected for our review. Two reviewers examined each study for relevance and compared each study with the nine methodological guidelines selected. Results: It was found that 29 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The societal perspective was taken in 13 out of the 29 studies (45%), an adequate time period of analysis was chosen in 21 (72%), effectiveness was explicitly differentiated from efficacy in 17 (59%), an incremental analysis was performed in 23 (79%), costs, benefits and health gains were discounted in 24 (83%), effectiveness was expressed in LYGs or QALYs in 16 (55%), reference prices were used in 8 (28%), subgroup analysis was presented in 13 (45%) and sensitivity analysis was included in 26 (90%). Conclusions: In this review we found that the adherence of studies to some of the Dutch guidelines for pharmacoeconomic studies is fair. However, major improvements are required with respect to the adoption of the societal perspective, presentation of adequate subgroup analyses and application of reference prices.     

雷贝拉唑根除幽门螺杆菌的最小成本分析

目的：比较3种三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（却）感染的疗效和成本。方法：86例经胃镜确诊为胃或十二指肠溃疡伴阳性患者分为3组，RCF7：雷贝拉唑（R）10mg bid，、克拉霉素（C）0．5g bid、呋喃唑酮（F）0．2g bid联用7d；RAC7：R20mg bid，阿莫西林（A）1．0g bid、C0．5g bid，联用7d；RAC5：R20mg bid，A1．0g bid，C0．5g bid，联用5d。联合治疗结束后再分别予以雷贝拉唑10mg，qd，整个疗程3周。成本分析采用药物经济学的最小成本分析法。结果：3组却根除率和溃疡愈合率差异无显著性（P〈0．05），但治疗成本不同。结论：RAC5组的成本最低。     

药物经济学研究论文结构浅析

目的:为撰写药物经济学研究论文提供参考。方法:分析当前我国药物经济学研究论文结构中存在的问题,探讨论文撰写时需注意的事项。结果与结论:一篇合格的药物经济学研究论文应明确陈述其实际研究范围,详细说明其研究方法选择的依据,全面分析研究中所有可能的成本与结果并明确取舍依据,运用适当的统计学分析方法,同时还应重视敏感度分析。     

国内有关消化系统疾病的药物经济学研究文献系统评估

目的 :为提高国内有关消化系统疾病的药物经济学研究质量提供科学依据。方法 :通过计算机和人工检索 ,收集2003年以前国内专业学术期刊上发表的药物经济学研究文献资料 ,进行系统评估。结果 :获得有关消化系统疾病的药物经济学研究文献88篇。从中可以发现 ,国内药物经济学研究者在研究角度、研究设计、研究结果分析与讨论方面均存在一些问题。结论 :建议制订药物经济学研究准则 ,进一步规范药物经济学研究 ;同时加强相同研究领域的学术交流和评价反馈 ,强化人员培训 ,以更好地为相关政策制订和临床合理用药服务。     

头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(1∶1)与头孢他啶治疗儿童肠炎的药物经济学分析

目的:对头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(1∶1)和头孢他啶治疗儿童肠炎进行药物经济学分析,为临床提供用药参考方案。方法:采用回顾性研究,分析头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(1∶1)和头孢他啶治疗儿童肠道感染的成本和效果。结果:头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(1∶1)和头孢他啶的总有效率分别为95.3%和96.7%,效果差异无显著性(χ2=0.102,P>0.05);治疗成本分别为1260.46元和1780.13元,差异有显著性(χ2=4.96,P<0.05)。结论:头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(1∶1)治疗儿童肠炎比头孢他啶经济,符合药物经济学原则。     

阿奇霉素治疗下呼吸道感染的药物经济学研究

目的:评价注射用阿奇霉素和头孢呋辛钠治疗下呼吸道感染的经济性,选择疗效佳费用低的药物治疗方案。方法:观察两种治疗方案治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效和成本,运用药物经济学的成本-效果分析方法进行评价。结果:阿奇霉素和头孢呋辛钠的效果(以总有效率表示)分别为91.7%,90.0%(P>0.05);两种治疗方案的成本-效果比(C/E)分别为859.33元、5029.48元,增量分析△C/△E为-219913.06元;在敏感度分析中,当头孢呋辛钠的价格降低到0元时,头孢呋辛钠的C/E为1126.75元。结论:国产阿奇霉素为最佳治疗方案,进口头孢呋辛钠的治疗方案在本研究中没有药物经济学价值。提示在医疗保险偿付治疗下呼吸道感染的药品范围中,完全可用国产阿奇霉素替代进口头孢呋辛钠。     

Pharmacoeconomic studies in Italy: a critical review of the literature

To assess the state of pharmacoeconomics in Italy we reviewed all the original studies published by Italian authors in national and international journals from January 1994 to December 2003. We selected 70 articles and broadly assessed 92 economic evaluations (EEs) since some articles contained multiple analyses. We adopted common analysis criteria to allow methodological comparison of the studies. The variables investigated can be grouped into three categories: general methods, costs, and consequences. To further assess the quality of the EEs, we decided to rank them according to criteria of both clinical and economic good practice. Then, to complete our critical evaluation, we analysed whether sponsorship might have somehow affected the results. Our analysis seems to support the widespread scepticism of the Italian NHS decision-makers towards pharmacoeconomic studies, whose results seem to be biased by flawed methods and sponsors’ interference with results.      

在我国开展药物经济学研究的必要性、存在问题及政策建议

目的:促使药物经济学在我国得以开展并充分利用。方法:首先探讨了在我国开展药物经济学研究的必要性,然后指出哪些瓶颈性问题将会限制或者阻碍药物经济学在我国的最优化利用。结果:我国应加强药物经济学人才培养,在制定药物经济学评价指南的基础上逐步将药物经济学应用于国家基本药物政策。结论:卫生决策者对药物经济学的充分认识,有助于药物经济学在我国卫生决策领域得以充分利用并实现可持续发展。