围产期盆底肌锻炼干预对不同分娩方式下盆底功能障碍性疾病的影响

目的观察产前、产后连续盆底肌锻炼干预对阴道分娩和剖宫产后盆底功能的影响及盆底功能障碍性疾病的预防效果。方法选择2014年12月至2015年12月在南昌大学第四附属医院妇产科产检、分娩的孕产妇150例,根据分娩方式分为阴道分娩组(A组)106例与剖宫产组(B组)44例;根据产前、产后是否进行盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)防治将A组分为干预组(Aa组66例)与未干预组(Ab组40例),B组亦分为干预组(Ba组19例)与未干预组(Bb组25例)。产后6周、12周对以上孕产妇进行问卷调查并检测盆底肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压及阴道收缩持续时间,对结果进行比较和统计学分析。结果 (1)产后6周盆底功能检测:Aa组盆底Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力均显著高于Bb组(P0.05),但两亚组患者阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)产后12周盆底功能检测:Aa组盆底Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Bb组(P0.05)。(3)产后12周Aa组阴道前壁脱垂、后壁脱垂、尿失禁发生率显著低于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组阴道前壁脱垂、尿失禁发生率显著低于Bb组(P0.05)。结论围产期盆底肌锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激可不同程度地改善顺产和剖宫产后盆底肌功能,有助于预防产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生。     

An aggressive and fatal craniofacial group A Streptococcus infection resulting from a minimally displaced orbital floor fracture

While sharp, penetrating trauma is often associated with group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), there are scant reports in the oral and maxillofacial surgery literature regarding blunt, non-penetrating trauma in association with these conditions. With a clinical course that initially appears relatively benign following blunt trauma, NF can progress swiftly through the fascial planes and may quickly become life-threatening if the oral and maxillofacial surgeon fails to recognize some of the critical pathognomonic signs. The case of a 64-year-old female who suffered a ground-level mechanical fall with a minimally displaced lateral orbital wall fracture is reported here. This seemingly benign, non-penetrating injury subsequently developed into rapidly progressive, fatal NF and STSS. This case is used to highlight the necessity for early detection of NF and STSS prior to rapid clinical decline, as these scenarios, particularly bilateral peri-orbital NF with resulting mortality, have been reported infrequently following blunt, craniofacial trauma in the literature related to this specialty.