小儿癫痫和智力低下的研究

我院小儿神经学组近年来对癫痫及智力低下进行了综合研究。在整体动物及神经细胞水平研究了神经肽(CCK,Som)与神经递质(GABA)之间的关系;初步探讨了铁诱发癫痫的化学机制;研究了抗癫痫药对发育中脑的影响;用双盲交叉法观察了新药“抗病灵”的疗效;利用24小时脑电图从临床电生理角度进一步探讨了癫痫的发病机制,解决了癫痫难以观察的问题。还在全国范围内进行了智力低下的流行病学调查,并分析其原因。     

Plasma vasopressin response to contrast medium during cardiac catheterization in infants and children

Fifteen infants and children (M = 7, F = 8), aged from 0 to 13 years, who underwent cardiac catheterization and cardioangiography under ketamine-diazepam anesthesia were the subjects of this study. The effect of a contrast medium, isolamate sodium (66.8%) on the plasma somolality and vasopressin concentration was studied. The plasma osmolality was significantly elevated after contrast medium administration (289 ± 3 vs. 303 ± 8mosmol·kg^–1) as well as plasma vasopressin (from 2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 4.7 ± 2.0 micro-unit·ml^–1).It is concluded that the administration of contrast medium for cardioangiography causes elevation of plasma osmolality, which leads to the elevation of plasma vasopressin concentration.(Yamashita M, Horigome H, Kudo T, et al.: Plasma vasopressin response to contrast medium during cardiac catheterization in infants and children. J Anesth 5: 203–204, 1991)     

Duodenal and jejunal atresia with agenesis of the dorsal mesentery: "apple peel" small bowel.

Two newborn infants with duodenal and jejunal atresia and agenesis of the dorsal mesentery represent our surgical experience with "apple peel" small bowel or "christmas tree" demormity. The first patient had the typical appearance of this condition. The postoperative course was complicated by hyperbilirubinemia, septicemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The infant is in satisfactory condition 1.5 years after operation. The second patient had agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without spiraling of the bowel around its vascular stalk. The child died after 1 month, with complete absence of extrahepatic bile ducts as seen at a second laparotomy. Neither child had been subjected to gastrostomy.     

Vascular compression of the airway: Indications for and results of surgical management

Vascular compression of the airway is a significant cause of respiratory compromise in children. While the indications for surgical repair are sometimes life threatening, they can also be subtle. This retrospective study examines 45 surgical cases of tracheobronchial compromise secondary to vascular compression at a large children's hospital between July 1983 and February 1996. A total of 34 were diagnosed with innominate artery compression, ten with a double aortic arch and one with an anomalous right subclavian artery. The 45 patients, 25 male and 20 female, ranged in age from 12 days to 11 years at surgery (average 13 months). A total of 21 (47%) presented with proven or suspected episodes of cyanosis or apnea. All 45 patients had evidence of vascular compression during microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23/45 (51%), barium swallow in 22/45 (49%) and aortogram in 3/45 (7%). There was one death. One patient had a tracheotomy before surgery and continues to require it after surgery. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in 39/45 (87%) with five requiring more than one operation before their symptoms resolved completely. A total of four patients experienced a recurrence of symptoms within a variable length of time after surgery. Surgical indications and treatment alternatives will be discussed.     

丙泊酚复合氯胺酮、芬太尼用于小儿静脉麻醉的临床观察

目的对比观察丙泊酚(P)与氯胺酮(K)、芬太尼(F)不同配伍用于小儿静脉麻醉的效果及其对患儿呼吸、循环的影响。方法90例手术患儿随机分为三组(每组30例),Ⅰ组:P+K+F;Ⅱ组:P+K;Ⅲ组:P+F。均用微量泵持续静脉注入麻醉药,观察各组患儿麻醉药物用量、术毕苏醒时间、镇静和镇痛的效果及麻醉期间呼吸、血流动力学变化。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组相比用药量明显减少,镇静和镇痛完善,对呼吸、循环的变化小,术毕苏醒时间较短(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合氯胺酮、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用药少,镇静和镇痛完善,对小儿呼吸循环影响轻微且术毕苏醒快,优于丙泊酚复合氯胺酮或芬太尼。     

Agfa新一代数字X线成像系统DX-S在小儿胸片中的应用

目的：探讨Agfa新一代X线成像系统（DX-S）在儿童胸片应用中的临床价值。方法：选择年龄3-4岁，体重在12-15公斤患儿100名，将这100名患儿随机分成2组，分别使用市场上同级别品稗CR和Agfa DX-S进行胸部摄片．由放射科有经验的医师3名在双盲前提下对这100张胸片进行分析，评价胸部特定的8个解剖区域（周围肺实质、中心肺实质、肺门、心脏、横膈、上纵隔，骨骼和软组织），应用5分指标对所有100张胸片进行胸片质量分析比较，进行统计学分析。并对这100张胸片所用曝光条件千伏（KV），毫安秒（mAs）进行比较。结果 Agfa DX-S图像质量高于该品牌，更有利于诊断，同时Agfa DX-S使用的曝光条件明显低于市场上同类产品。结论：Agfa新一代数字X线成像系统DX-S值得在儿科放射领域推广应用。     

综合疗法治疗儿童脑瘫剪刀步的疗效观察

采用运动疗法、神经阻滞法、肌电反馈法、水疗法、足部矫形器、神经节苷脂等综合治疗小儿脑瘫剪刀步40例,总有效率82．5％,提示综合治疗有利于小儿脑瘫康复。     

中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎72例疗效观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎的临床疗效。方法：选取我院收治的72例喘息型支气管炎患儿，随机均分为对照组（传统西医治疗）和观察组（在对照组基础上加用定喘汤及支持调理治疗）。比较两组临床症状、体征消失时间、住院时间、治疗总有效率和不良反应发生率的差异。结果：观察组临床症状、体征消失时间和住院时间均显著短于对照组（P〈0.05）；观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）；两组患儿均无严重不良反应发生（P〈0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎疗效确切。