Random Forest-Based Bone Segmentation in Ultrasound

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a safe alternative to radiography for guidance during minimally invasive orthopedic procedures. However, ultrasound is challenging to interpret because of the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and its inherent speckle pattern that decreases image quality. Here we describe a method for automatic bone segmentation in 2-D ultrasound images using a patch-based random forest classifier and several ultrasound specific features, such as shadowing. We illustrate that existing shadow features are not robust to changes in US acquisition parameters, and propose a novel robust shadow feature. We evaluate the method on several US data sets and report that it favorably compares with existing techniques. We achieve a recall of 0.86 at a precision of 0.82 on a test set of 143 spinal US images.     

2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为影响因素研究

目的探寻2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为的影响因素,建立简便易行的低龄儿童牙科诊室行为预测模型。方法对96例接受牙科治疗的2~6岁儿童的牙科诊室行为评估分为配合组与不配合组;问卷调查获取家长口腔健康意识、母亲牙科焦虑、儿童日常行为特点及情绪类型等资料;使用SPSS11.5软件分析组间各因素差异及与牙科诊室行为的相关程度。结果两组患儿年龄(4.35±0.83 vs 3.85±1.07)和情绪应激性(17.77±4.88 vs 23.23±4.76)之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗持续时间、幼儿园入园表现、家长对儿童口腔疾患的责任承担度与儿童口腔诊室行为均存在显著相关性(P0.05)。结论通过治疗前与家长的针对性沟通可有效预测低龄儿童牙科诊室行为。     

Outpatient Care Participation and Six-Month Status: Results with an Inner City Impoverished Alcoholic Veterans Population

One hundred and thirty-seven impoverished, inner city, predominately Black alcoholic veterans were divided into four groups based on the frequency of their attendance at an outpatient clinic. They were assessed 6 months after their joining the clinic. In general, many variables reflecting lessened alcohol consumption were connected with greater amounts of clinic attendance. In most instances a month or more of attendance at the clinic appeared necessary before the positive changes started to occur.     

无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科术后患者镇痛管理的可行性及有效性研究

目的探讨无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛管理的可行性及有效性。方法将600例骨科术后患者分为两组,使用无线镇痛泵系统镇痛的300例患者为A组,使用传统电子镇痛泵镇痛的300例患者为B组。观察两组患者术后出PACU、术后24 h、48 h、72 h的疼痛强度,按压自控镇痛键的总次数,有效按压次数及镇痛不足次数;记录两组医务人员服务患者的有效处理时间、被叫服务率和主动服务率;测评患者对镇痛治疗的满意度及观察镇痛药物引起的不良反应的发生率。结果两组患者术后各观察时间点的疼痛强度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者按压自控镇痛键的总次数,有效按压次数及镇痛不足次数两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。医务人员服务患者的有效处理时间:A组为(10.0±2.33)min,B组为(16.0±3.09)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者的被叫服务率显著高于A组,而A组患者的主动服务率显著高于B组(P0.05)。A组患者的镇痛满意度显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者关于镇痛药物引起的不良反应发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛,安全可行,有助于个体化镇痛管理,提高术后疼痛管理质量。