Changing concepts in the surgery of renal cell carcinoma

Introduction Herein, current developments in open and minimally invasive renal surgery are presented. Materials and methods This also includes considerations on the appropriate indication for the two surgical procedures in small renal tumours, locally advanced disease (>pT2), complicated renal tumours as well as cytoreductive surgical situations. In small renal tumours, similar survival rates have been described for laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy. However, even experienced high volume laparoscopic centres report a high learning curve, increased complications and initial technical problems to achieve parenchymal haemostasis and renal ischaemia during nephron-sparing surgery. Surgical management of large (>T2) or complicated tumours is feasible, but long-term oncological outcome is not yet available. Conclusion Promising new developments such as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) might add to our surgical armamentarium for minimally invasive surgery.     

Renal cell carcinoma from a transplanted allograft: two case reports and a review of the literature

We report 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in which the tumor arose from a transplanted allograft. The first case is a 52-year-old man with a failed cadaveric renal transplantation found to have metastatic RCC. The tumor was proven to be from the allograft, as fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of biopsy material showed a female karyotype, consistent with his female donor. The second patient is a 45-year-old man who had undergone cadaveric renal transplantation in 1985 for chronic glomerulonephritis and, after 22 years, presented with renal failure. Biopsy and subsequent allograft nephrectomy revealed innumerable microscopic foci of RCC. There are only a few reported cases of RCC arising in kidney allografts and even fewer with reports of metastatic disease from the allograft. Treatments in patients with disease confined to the kidney have included partial nephrectomy and total nephrectomy. A literature search did not find any reports of treatment of metastatic RCC that arose from a renal allograft.     

经腹腔与腹膜后行腹腔镜肾癌根治术的比较

目的:比较经腹腔和腹膜后方式行腹腔镜肾癌根治术的优缺点。方法:随机将60例肾癌患者分别经腹腔或腹膜后方式行腹腔镜下肾癌根治术,比较两组术中、术后的情况。结果:与经腹腔方式比较,腹膜后方式处理肾动脉平均时间、处理肾静脉平均时间、总的手术平均时间较短。但经腹膜和腹膜后方式在估计出血量、术后住院时间、术中并发症和术后并发症发生率上无明显差异。结论:腹腔镜下经腹腔或腹膜后方式行肾癌根治术均有效,但后者在处理肾门和总的手术时间方面更快。     

后腹腔镜肾切除术临床体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术的技术要点及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析30例后腹腔镜肾切除术临床资料,其中肾结石重度肾积水16例,肾萎缩8例,肾癌4例,肾盂癌2例。结果:手术成功率100%,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间90m in,平均出血量60m l,未发生严重并发症。结论:后腹腔镜肾切除术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,可逐步替代传统的肾切除术。     

老年肺功能减退患者腹腔镜肾切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨老年肺功能减退患者行腹腔镜肾切除术的安全性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析伴有肺功能减退的肾肿瘤和无功能肾的22例老年患者行腹腔镜肾切除术的临床资料。结果:22例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。无严重呼吸、循环系统并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论:在严密监测呼吸功能,积极处理并发症的前提下,腹腔镜肾切除术对伴有肺功能减退的肾肿瘤和无功能肾的老年患者是安全的选择。     

Imaging modalities and management of pediatric high-grade renal trauma in an Indonesian tertiary hospital: a report of two cases and literature review

As one of the most commonly injured organs in the genitourinary system during trauma, a thorough understanding of pediatric renal trauma''s diagnosis and management is essential for physicians. The improvement of imaging modalities in recent years has shifted most treatments to a conservative approach. Non-operative management could reduce the risk of nephrectomy while increasing renal salvage rate. However, high-grade pediatric renal injury management remains controversial. We aimed to report two children with high-grade renal trauma, diagnosed using computed tomography and retrograde pyelography studies, undergoing different approaches. The first patient underwent a nephrectomy, whereas the second patient underwent non-operative management.     

Estudio comparativo de la extracción de la pieza de nefrectomía laparoscópica mediante una incisión de tipo Pfannenstiel

ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to demonstrate that the Pfannenstiel incision is a reliable option in terms of postoperative complications compared to other types of incisions usually performed for kidney extraction after laparoscopic nephrectomy.Materials and methodsRetrospective and comparative study of 256 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: specimen extraction by Pfannenstiel incision (group 1) and specimen extraction by way of other incisions (group 2). Incisional hernia, surgical site infection, pain score, seroma, haematoma/bleeding, wound dehiscence and muscle paralysis were analyzed in each patient.ResultsPatients in Pfannenstiel group presented a rate of wound complications of 11.72% vs 27.34% with other incisions, p = 0.002, it was significantly inferior the rate of wound dehiscence (5.5% vs 12.5%, p = 0.047) and seroma (3.1% vs 7.8%, p = 0.022). Using multivariate logistic regression, Pfannenstiel incision was a significant protective predictor factor for wound complications (OR = 0.34, p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe Pfannenstiel incision allowed the extraction of bigger kidney masses with less incidence of dehiscence, seroma and in general wound complications. The hospital stay was lower in Pfannenstiel extraction group. These results present this incision as a reliable and safe option in the decision of which incision to select.