大豆黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠鼻黏膜上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的　观察双侧卵巢切除诱导大鼠鼻黏膜上皮细胞凋亡 ,研究尼尔雌醇、大豆黄酮对此的保护作用。方法　将 60只大鼠随机分为 4组 :健康对照组 ,卵巢切除组 ,卵巢切除 +尼尔雌醇组 ,卵巢切除 +大豆黄酮组。各组动物分期分 3批处死 ,流式细胞仪检测各组动物鼻中隔黏膜的早期凋亡细胞。结果　双侧卵巢切除后 ,大鼠鼻黏膜的早期凋亡细胞百分数增高 ,术后 60d达到新的平衡。大豆黄酮、尼尔雌醇干预组与健康组比较 ,早期凋亡细胞无明显改变。结论　雌激素替代和大豆黄酮可通过减少凋亡细胞而保护鼻黏膜免受雌激素缺乏的损害     

功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术后术腔清理(附1080例临床分析)

目的：探讨功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术后术腔清理对鼻窦结构及上皮功能恢复的影响。方法：1080例均为采取Messerklinger术式完成功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术的病例。手术后2周进行第一次鼻腔鼻窦清理，以后每隔2周一次，共进行4或4次以上清理至术腔基本上皮化。结果：112例手术后1个月术腔基本上皮化，456例手术后2个月术腔基本上皮化，255例手术后3个月术腔基本上皮化；98例出现术后窦口闭锁，176例出现术腔粘连，在术腔清理过程中进行处理，这些并发症均消失；95例出现术后复发而需要进一步手术治疗。结论：术腔粘膜的再上皮化对功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术后鼻窦功能的恢复至关重要，这一过程一般需要1～3个月甚至更长时间，手术后规范化的术腔清理能早期发现并处理粘膜病变、术腔狭窄及窦口阻塞，因而术后清理对提高功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术的疗效有重要价值。     

经上颌窦前壁钻孔行鼻窦内窥镜术30例报告

报告经上颌窦前壁钻孔行鼻窦内窥镜手术３０例，疗效较好。与鼻腔、鼻窦内窥镜手术比较，该术式具有观察方便，出血少，反应轻，操作方便，并发症少，术后复发率低等优点。     

三种术式鼻内筛窦手术后内窥镜和CT评价

为客观评价慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内窥镜筛窦手术与常规鼻内筛窦手术和显微鼻内筛窦手术的疗效与并发症，对Ⅱ期慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉１３０例患者分为三组，行三种术式手术，术后运用内窥镜和ＣＴ随访，以患者主观症状减轻率、临床治愈率和并发症发生率为指标进行评价。结果：①内窥镜手术组主观症状减轻率（９４．０％）、临床治愈率（８６．０％）和ＣＴ扫描正常率（８２．０％）均明显高于常规手术组、显微手术组，Ｐ值均＜０．０１；②并发症发生率：内窥镜手术组（１２．０％）稍高于常规手术组和显微手术组，但无统计学意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。结论：鼻内窥镜筛窦手术疗效明显优于常规鼻内筛窦手术和显微筛窦手术，但其并发症发生率稍高于后两者，熟知筛窦解剖和熟练手术操作技术是提高内窥镜手术疗效及降低并发症的关键。     

Current advances in rhinomanometry

Current advances in rhinomanometry were reviewed in this paper. Active posterior rhinomanometry with a “head-out” body plethysmograph may be the least invasive method currently available for measuring nasal patency. In general, active anterior rhinomanometry with a face mask or a nasal nozzle has been employed in various studies throughout the world. Nasal resistance as calculated from the equationR = 0.78 (ΔP/V)^1.33 at any points on a pressure/flow curve, or averaged nasal resistance may be the most suitable expression for nasal patency. Values for nasal resistance at ΔP 100 Pa in Japanese patients or ΔP 150 Pa in Caucasians have been widely employed as standard objective data for nasal obstruction, although rhinomanometric results sometimes do not agree with subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction. Nasal airflow acceleration or peak flow index during nasal breathing at rest can be applied as warranted to confirm an objective diagnosis of symptomatic nasal obstruction. Further, nationality and anthropological characteristics can be related to the severity and type of stuffiness.     

Aesthetic sequelae of septoplasty

This prospective study, using standardized pre- and post-operative photographs examined by three independent observers, included 100 septoplasty patients with a minimal follow up of 9 months. A risk of minimal aesthetic changes (21%) could be documented, but significant post-operative changes (1%) were rare. Surprisingly, statistical evaluation of operative data in relation to aesthetic changes could not identify specific surgical manoeuvres which may increase the risk of aesthetic changes. All patients must be fully informed about possible changes in nasal shape as a result of septoplasty. Pre-operative photographs should be considered a prerequisite before any type of septal surgery.     

Variation of Nasal Respiratory Pattern With Age During Growth and Development

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in nasal respiratory pattern with growth and development, particularly to determine the age where upper airway growth ceases. The results on 361 healthy subjects, aged 7 to 24 years, based on aerodynamic measurements during rest breathing, showed clear differences between inspiratory and expiratory phases. Nasal airflow rate and cross-sectional area increased and oral-nasal pressure and nasal resistance decreased with age up to the age of 16, levelling by the age of 20 years. The body size and gender had effect only on nasal airflow rate. This study suggests that the measurements of the nasal respiratory pattern, determining impaired nasal airway, should be done during inspiration and using age-related assesment from a healthy population until the age of 16 years. From then on, guidelines for adults are applicable.     

P物质对变应性鼻炎动物模型鼻粘膜上皮短路电流的影响

目的观察Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）作用于变应性鼻炎动物模型鼻粘膜引起的离子分泌改变导致的上皮表面短路电流（Ｓｈｏｒｔ－ｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ，Ｉｓｃ）的变化。方法以鸡蛋清蛋白致敏大鼠后，用Ｕｓｓ－ｉｎｇ室技术测定鼻粘膜上皮表面短路电流。并观察神经激肽受体（ＮＫ１）拮抗剂ＣＰ９６３４５、组胺Ｈ１受体拮抗剂吡拉明、Ｈ２受体拮抗剂雷尼替丁和河豚毒素对ＳＰ的阻断作用。结果经ＳＰ刺激，致敏大鼠鼻粘膜表面Ｉｓｃ显著增高。经四种物质预处理均能显著阻断ＳＰ引起的Ｉｓｃ变化。结论ＳＰ经感觉神经末梢释放后，可引起上皮表面离子电位变化、上皮通透性增高等一系列鼻粘膜病理变化。     

人乳头状瘤病毒与鼻内翻性乳头状瘤的关系

为探讨人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）感染与鼻内翻性乳头状瘤（ＩＰ）发病及其恶变的关系，研究选取组织病理确认为ＩＰ（３６例）和ＩＰ癌变（１６例）的石蜡包埋标本，采用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法对标本进行ＨＰＶ相关ＤＮＡ序列扩增。结果显示：３６例ＩＰ组织有２１例（５８．３％）为ＨＰＶ阳性；１６例ＩＰ癌变组织中有１１例（６８．８％）阳性。经统计学处理，二者间无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）．提示ＨＰＶ感染在ＩＰ的发