Minocycline or iNOS inhibition block 3-nitrotyrosine increases and blood-brain barrier leakiness in amyloid beta-peptide-injected rat hippocampus

This work has examined levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT, a marker for peroxynitrite formation) and intactness of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta(1-42))-injected rat hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated 3-NT immunoreactivity in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes were significantly increased at 7 days post-Abeta(1-42) injection. Administration of the broad spectrum anti-inflammatory agent minocycline or the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W markedly reduced 3-NT levels. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that 3-NT was prominently expressed in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes located in proximity to blood vessels. Additionally, Abeta(1-42) injection caused a marked increase in permeability of the BBB to immunoglobulin G (IgG); both minocycline and 1400W were highly effective in decreasing the leakiness of the BBB. Our results suggest the involvement of glial-derived reactive nitrogen species in mediating increased BBB permeability in Abeta(1-42) injected rat hippocampus.     

氢氧化钙联合盐酸米诺环素治疗窦道型根尖周炎疗效观察

目的评价氢氧化钙糊剂与盐酸米诺环素软膏联合治疗窦道型根尖周炎的临床疗效。方法将92例诊断为窦道型根尖周炎的患者随机分为试验组和对照组,A组联合使用氢氧化钙糊剂和盐酸米诺环素软膏进行治疗;B组则使用传统的治疗方法,即碘酚和甲醛甲酚(FC)。2周后比较2组的治疗效果。结果试验组有效率为95.65%,对照组有效率为73.91%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论氢氧化钙糊剂联合盐酸米诺环素软膏可明显控制窦道型根尖周炎。     

盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效。方法选择于2011年11月至2012年11月在我院口腔门诊治疗的慢性牙周炎患者150例,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组75例,观察组采用常规治疗手段并辅用盐酸米诺软膏治疗,对照组给予常规治疗,观察对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果两组治疗后的菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、牙龈出血指数(SBI)与治疗前相比,均有明显改善,实验组改善程度更为明显(P<0.05)。结论使用常规治疗手段并辅以盐酸米诺环素软膏,对慢性牙周炎治疗效果明显,值得临床推广。     

米诺环素与碘甘油治疗牙周-牙髓联合病变临床效果对比分析

目的对比米诺环素和碘甘油对牙周-牙髓联合病变的治疗效果。方法对2008—2012年间我院收治的118例牙周-牙髓联合病变的患者随机分为实验组和对照组各59例,两组均先接受根管治疗和牙周治疗,而后实验组外用米诺环素,对照组外用碘甘油。对比两组治疗效果。结果实验组牙龈指数（1．04±0．21）、龈沟出血指数（1．23±0．68）、牙周探诊深度（2．87±0．72）,显著低于对照组的（1．96±0．47）,（2．54±0．79）,（3．91±0．83）,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。实验组总有效率94．4％,显著高于对照组的73．6％（P〈0．05）。结论米诺环素能有效抗菌,减少牙周破坏,促进牙根修复,治疗牙周-牙髓联合病变效果优于碘甘油。     

Evaluation of late cognitive impairment and anxiety states following traumatic brain injury in mice: The effect of minocycline

Comorbidity of cognitive and stress disorders is a common clinical sequel of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is essentially determined by the site and severity of the insult, but also by the extent of the ensuing neuroinflammatory response. The present study sought to examine the late effects of closed-head TBI on memory function and anxiety in mice, in order to further examine the potential efficacy of an acute anti-inflammatory treatment with minocycline. The mouse model of closed-head injury by mechanical percussion was applied on anesthetized Swiss mice. The treatment protocol included three injections of minocycline (i.p.) at 5 min (90 mg/kg), 3 h and 9 h (45 mg/kg) post-TBI. The Novel Object Recognition Test as well as the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Elevated Zero Maze (EZM) tasks were employed to assess post-TBI memory and anxiety respectively. Our results revealed a recognition memory deficit that was significant up to at least 13 weeks post-TBI. However, neither EPM nor EZM revealed any alteration in post-TBI anxiety levels albeit some mild disinhibition. Most importantly, minocycline was able to attenuate the memory impairment in an effective and lasting manner, highlighting its therapeutic potential in TBI.     

Effects of minocycline and its degradation products on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

This work aimed to investigate the influence of Microcystis aeruginosa on the rate of minocycline (MNC) removal (abiotic degradation, physical binding or chemical transformation by cells) and the toxicity of MNC and its degradation products to the cyanobacterium. Most of the work was carried out in culture media in the presence or in the absence of M. aeruginosa. The rate of the MNC abiotic degradation in culture media strongly decreased with the increase of the MNC initial concentration. The exudates did not influence the rate of MNC degradation in the media. For concentrations ≥0.48 μM, the rate of the MNC removal from the media was faster in the presence of M. aeruginosa. Biotic MNC removal occurs by both physical binding by the cells (10%) and chemical transformations. EC₅₀ and EC₂₀ for MNC on the growth of M. aeruginosa were 0.92 and 0.13 μM, respectively. Interestingly, MNC degradation products might promote M. aeruginosa growth.     

两种方法治疗慢性牙周炎疗效比较研究

目的在选定的病例进行牙周基础治疗后,比较两种方法治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效。方法将60例慢性牙周炎患者随机分为两组,每组30例,90颗牙。在进行必要的牙龈上洁治及牙龈下刮治后,再分别通过高压氧及牙周局部注射盐酸米诺环素软膏两种方法治疗30 d及28 d后,比较两种方法的疗效。结果两种方法治疗前后所有病例各牙周参数均有非常显著的差异。其中高压氧组治疗前后各牙周参数的改变幅度与相应的药物组比较除菌斑指数差异无统计学意义外,其他参数改变幅度明显高于药物组。结论短期内两种方法治疗慢性牙周炎都有着较好的效果。完整的疗程后两者疗效比较：高压氧组治疗慢性牙周炎总体疗效要优于盐酸米诺环素软膏组。高压氧在牙周局部合理、规范的应用为临床上治疗牙周病提供了一种较好的辅助手段,值得推广     

细辛碎补汤联合米诺环素对慢性牙周炎患者牙周指标及 龈沟液炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨细辛碎补汤联合米诺环素对慢性牙周炎患者牙周指标及龈沟液炎症因子的影响。方法 选取 2019 年 1 月~2021 年 8 月杭州市萧山区中医院接诊的 96 例慢性牙周炎患者作为研究对象。以双色球法将患者 分为对照组和试验组，每组各 48 例。对照组患者在常规治疗基础上加用米诺环素，试验组患者在对照组治疗 基础上加用细辛碎补汤。比较两组患者的临床疗效、牙周指标、龈沟液炎症因子及不良反应发生情况。结果 试 验组患者总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后两组患者的探诊深度、菌斑指数、探诊出血指数、龈沟 液 C–反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子–α 及白介素–6 水平均显著低于本组治疗前（均 P<0.05），且试验组以上指标均 显著低于对照组（均 P<0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2 =0.154，P=0.695）。结论 细 辛碎补汤联合米诺环素可有效提高慢性牙周炎患者疗效，改善牙周指标，其作用机制可能与降低龈沟液炎症 因子有关。     

Evaluation of minocycline combined with favipiravir therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A case-series study

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of minocycline (MIN) and favipiravir combination therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to our hospital in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in March and April of 2020. In this retrospective study, a favipiravir monotherapy group (Control group, n = 9) was compared with a combined favipiravir plus MIN therapy group (MIN group, n = 12). No severe cases were present. The primary comparative endpoints evaluated were duration of fever, duration of hospitalization, duration from treatment initiation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative results, and changes in cytokine and chemokine production. Median duration from start of treatment to negative PCR test was significantly shorter in the MIN group than in the Control group. Mean rates of cytokine and chemokine reduction were significantly greater for interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the MIN group. No difference in adverse event rates were seen between groups, and only minor adverse events were encountered. MIN has been reported to have not only broad antibacterial activity, but also antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. The present results support the efficacy and safety of MIN plus favipiravir therapy for the treatment of COVID-19.     

Update on minocycline in vitro activity against odontogenic bacteria

Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammation caused by biofilm from numerous gram-negative and -positive oral bacterial species between gingiva and tooth, is known to have a poor prognosis.Susceptibility of standard strains (19 strains) and clinical isolates (90 strains) of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria, including a recently recovered as novel pathogens for periodontitis called Filifactor alocis, was tested to minocycline (MINO) by using the agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.MINO is a well-used therapeutic antibiotic for periodontits. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MINO against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (n = 1), Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 5), Prevotella intermedia (n = 1), Tannerella forsythia (n = 1) and F. alocis (n = 1), were 0.12, ≤0.016–0.03, ≤0.016, 0.03, and 2 μg/mL, respectively. MICs range of MINO against clinical isolates (10 isolates each) Streptococcus intermedius, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Fusobacterum nucleatum, Parvimonas micra were 0.06–16, ≤0.016–0.03, ≤0.016–1, ≤0.016–0.12, and ≤0.016–0.25 μg/mL, respectively.These results showed that MINO has superior in vitro activities against to known and recent recovered oral bacteria. Moreover, low prevalence in non-susceptible bacteria was observed to MINO.