略论证候辨证的多维复杂性

证候是辨证的依据,每个临床表现对多项证素或证型具有不同的诊断价值,对于某证素或证型的诊断,各证候所起的作用并不均等。根据病理信息的辨证意义,可将症状区分为必有症、特征症、常见症、一般症、或见症、否定症等。根据证候的不同属性,可拟定各证素所见证候的权重分配,确定各症状对各证型的贡献度。     

小蓟的不同部位中12种金属元素含量分析测定

用原子吸收光谱法测定了小蓟的不同部位(花、叶、茎、根)中的宏量元素(Ca、Mg、K)和微量元素(Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Pb、Na)。结果表明,小蓟中人体中必需的微量元素Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu等含量均较高,而样品中还测出有毒元素铅。     

Enzyme replacement therapy for infantile hypophosphatasia attempted by intravenous infusions of alkaline phosphatase-rich Paget plasma: results in three additional patients

After biochemical and radiographic studies, enzyme replacement therapy in three patients with the infantile form of hypophosphatasia was attempted by weekly intravenous infusions of bone alkaline phosphatase-rich (BAP) plasma from patients with Paget bone disease. Subsequently, circulating BAP activity was substantially increased in each patient, and in one was maintained in the normal range for nearly 2 months. Despite partial or complete correction of the deficiency of circulating BAP activity, we observed no radiographic evidence for arrest of progressive osteopenia or improvement in rachitic defects in any of the patients. Failure of infants with hypophosphatasia to show significant healing of rickets on correction of circulating BAP activity supports the hypothesis that this isoenzyme functions in situ during normal skeletal mineralization.     

Proximate, amino acid and mineral composition of pupae of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi in China

The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein of pupae of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi were investigated. Investigations showed that the pupal powder contained 7.6% moisture, 71.9% crude protein, 20.1% fat and 4.0% ash on a dry matter basis. The mineral analysis indicated high K content with a low Na/K ratio and low heavy metal content. The pupal protein contained 18 known amino acids, including all of the essential amino acids and sulphur-containing amino acids. Compared with the amino acid profile recommended by FAO/WHO, the pupal protein was of high quality due to its high content of essential amino acids. The results of the present study provide some technical information and suggestions for the food industry for more effective utilization of pupae of the silkworm A. pernyi.     

米索前列醇对去势后大鼠骨保护素的影响

目的:通过给予去势后大鼠米索前列醇,了解米索前列醇对骨密度及成骨细胞分泌骨保护素 (Osteo protegerin, OPG)的影响。方法:鼠龄90 d的Wistar雌性大鼠共 30 只,分为正常对照组(A组)、去势组(B组)、去势给米索前列醇组(C组),C组去势后第2 d予以2 mg·kg-1·d-1剂量的米索前列醇灌胃,于术后28 d对各组的骨密度进行检测,同时取左侧胫骨干骺端观察骨保护素 mRNA水平的变化。结果: 骨密度检测结果显示 A组最高,C组次之,而B组最低,A组、B组、C组之间差异有显著性(P<0.05);骨保护素3组之间差别有显著性,C组最高,B组次之,A组最低(P<0.05)。结论: 米索前列醇可能通过刺激骨保护素的表达及分泌,来抑制去势后雌性大鼠骨量的丢失。     

颅骨牵张术中新骨骨密度的定量评价

目的:探讨颅骨牵张术修复骨缺损过程中新骨骨密度的评价方法。方法:成年健康山羊18只,颅顶区制备25mm×10mm全层颅骨缺损,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组15只建立牵张术修复颅骨缺损的动物模型,于牵张结束后2,4,6周分别处死5只动物,对照组3只动物与实验组牵张后6周动物同期处死,QCT、DEXA两种方法测量新骨骨密度,比较两种测量方法骨密度值(BMD)及相关性。结果:实验组QCT测量牵张间隙各兴趣区BMD值较前一时段对应BMD值明显增加(P<0.05),同一牵张间隙内各固定时段两端(R2、R3)较中央(R1)BMD值明显高(P<0.05),R2、R3之间无明显差别(P>0.05);DEXA测量固定期4周,各兴趣区BMD值较固定2周对应BMD值明显增加(P<0.05),而固定期6周,仅牵张间隙中央(R1)较固定4周对应BMD值增加有统计学意义(P<0.05),同一牵张间隙内固定期2,4周两端(R2、R3)较中央(R1)BMD值明显高(P<0.05);两种检测方法测得平均骨密度值在各时段均存在正相关(P<0.005);对照组缺损区QCT、DEXA检测未显示有新骨形成。结论:两种检测方法均能反映牵张过程新骨骨密度变化,QCT不受解剖结构和牵张器形状的影响,更适于颅面骨牵张术新骨形成的监测评价。     

某铅锌矿选矿厂内气溶胶(PM10、PM2.5)中多环芳烃分析

[目的]了解某铅锌矿选矿厂内气溶胶PM10、PM2.5中多环芳烃的分布情况,规范选矿药剂的登记制度,为选矿厂内环境空气监测提供依据。[方法]2004年6月至2004年10月,在某铅锌矿选矿厂车间内布设5个采样点,采集PM10、PM2.5,采用索氏提取、K-D浓缩和吹氮浓缩的方法进行预处理,用GC-MS气相色谱-质谱联用测定样品中的多环芳烃。[结果]检测PM10、PM2.5各35份,均检出16种典型多环芳烃,其中具有强致癌性的苯并[a]芘浓度分别为1.03~23.35 ng/m3和0.24~18.75 ng/m3,均值分别为5.07 ng/m3、3.91 ng/m3。[结论]某铅锌矿选矿厂车间多环芳烃污染水平不容乐观,给作业人员的健康形成威胁,应引起有关部门的重视。     

电子探针技术在金银花品质鉴定中的应用

目的建立中药材金银花道地性和非道地性及其品质区分新方法。方法利用电子探针技术对同一生境中两种不同种质金银花单个叶肉细胞内元素进行定量分析。结果生活在石灰土壤环境中的金银花,受环境条件影响其叶细胞中的元素含量共同表征为Ca多Mg少,并且P的含量仅次于Ca的含量;忍冬除Ca含量低于华南忍冬外,其它元素如Mg,P,Mn和Fe的含量均高于华南忍冬,表现出种质差异性。结论由于不同种质金银花叶内元素含量在细胞水平上存在差异,因而可利用电子探针技术快速、有效地进行金银花等中药材品质鉴定。     

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and solid-state NMR study of bone mineral in osteogenesis imperfecta

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ³¹P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to determine if any structural or compositional differences in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) bone mineral could be detected that might help to explain the bone fragility observed in this disease. A previous study by Cassella et al. used an electron probe X-ray microanalytical technique to compare the calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratios in normal bone and bone from patients with OI. It was demonstrated that bone from OI patients had a lower Ca/P molar ratio. This study demonstrated that OI bone mineral had a general hydroxyapatite structure and that isomorphous substitutions in the carbanoapatite lattice could account for the low Ca/P molar ratio. Received: December 28, 1999 / Accepted: March 22, 2000     

儿童厌食症413例与发锌缺乏的分析

目的　检测我市学龄前儿童微量元素中发锌缺乏的程度 ,探讨儿童厌食症与微量元素锌的关系。方法　对 1～ 7岁学龄前儿童 112 0例 ,以电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱进行发样锌含量检测。结果　发锌缺乏 413例 ,发生率为 3 6.87% ,男女比较无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,发现儿童厌食症与锌缺乏有关。结论　对发锌缺乏患儿及时诊断 ,及早治疗 ,加强喂养指导 ,对提高儿童生活及健康素质尤为重要。