上颌骨外旋入路切除颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤

目的：探讨颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤切除的最佳手术入路。方法：2例咽旁间隙肿瘤、1例颅底肿瘤患者均采用上颌骨外旋入路，取Weber-Ferguson-Longmire切口，形成以咬肌为蒂的上颌骨肌皮瓣并外旋，充分暴露鼻咽部及咽旁间隙，直视下完整切除肿瘤。以颊部脂肪堵塞残留空腔，行上颌骨骨瓣复位。结果：3例术后切口愈合良好，颌面部无明显畸形及颌面功能障碍，其中1例术后行放疗。3例术后随访10个月～2年，肿瘤均无复发。结论：上颌骨外旋是切除颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤的较佳手术入路，能充分暴露颅底及咽旁间隙、鼻咽部，在直视下完整分离切除肿瘤，手术安全，损伤小，术后功能恢复良好。     

经口进路行上颌骨切除术

目的:探讨经口进路行上颌骨切除术的可行性和适应证。方法:选择16例上颌骨肿瘤患者(恶性13例、良性3例),采用美国Stryker公司的微型电动力系统行经口进路上颌骨切除术。结果:16例患者中,上颌骨部分切除术15例,上颌骨次全切除术1例。经术后1～8年随访,面部均无疤痕,无下睑水肿及面部畸形。除1例恶性黑色素瘤患者死于术后两年外,其余患者均存活。结论:经口进路行上颌骨切除术疗效满意,其适应证主要为良性及低恶度上颌骨肿瘤,需行上颌骨部分切除或次全切除术者。     

微创技术治疗乳磨牙深龋的疗效评价

目的评价Carisolv化学机械法微创技术用于乳磨牙深龋的治疗效果。方法选择108个乳磨牙深龋,其中58个龋牙采用化学机构法去腐(治疗组),50个龋牙采用传统牙钻去腐(对照组),两组去腐后均采用玻璃离子充填,经过1年观察,比较治疗效果。结果2种治疗方法在修复体的完整性、边缘缺损及脱落等方面均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但X线成功率治疗组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Carisolv是一种轻柔操作,能消除儿童对牙科的恐惧感,减轻疼痛,减少穿髓等并发症的发生,值得在儿童龋病治疗中推广。     

骨性安氏Ⅲ类错上颌骨慢扩弓结合前方牵引的疗效评价

目的:评价骨性安氏III类错患者经上颌慢速扩弓结合前方牵引治疗的效果。方法:治疗组包括22例患者,开始治疗年龄平均为9.8岁,治疗时间0.7年,慢速螺旋扩大器扩弓每周旋转90°~270°,(90°相当于0.25 mm)前方牵引力值为600~800 g/侧,治疗结束时覆盖至少为2 mm。分别在治疗前、治疗结束时及治疗结束后1.4年拍摄头颅定位侧位X线片。对照组为年龄、性别及下颌平面角匹配的未经治疗的骨性安氏I类错骨面型正常儿童22例。结果:治疗组上颌骨前部较对照组每年前移量多1.6mm,上颌骨后部较前部明显下移,下颌骨后下旋转同时下切牙直立。1.4年后上颌骨前部相对后缩、后部上移,抵消部分治疗效果。下颌骨的生长方向趋于正常,下切牙略唇倾。结论:上颌扩弓和前方牵引治疗骨性安氏III类错有利于减轻错程度。     

正畸治疗对安氏II~1错畸形患者下颌旋转与移动的影响

目的:探讨正畸治疗对安氏II1错畸形患者下颌旋转与移动的影响。方法:治疗组20例,非正畸治疗组18例。所有患者均无外科手术治疗史、无拔牙史和功能矫治治疗史。通过头颅侧位片采集患者治疗前、治疗后的头影测量数据进行分析。结果:正畸治疗可诱导安氏II1错!畸形患者的下颌垂直向生长和颏点垂直向移位增加。上颌与下颌磨牙的垂直向或向移动与下颌旋转及颏点的水平向移位无关。与对照组相比,两组之间在上颌磨牙的向移动和下颌旋转方面无显著性差异。结论:正畸治疗影响下颌的垂直向生长及颏点的垂直向移动,而对下颌旋转及上颌磨牙的向移动无明显影响。     

Prognostic factors in maxillary sinus and nasal cavity carcinoma

AIMS: The aim of the present study is to define prognostic factors, particularly the impact of treatment on paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with maxillary antrum and nasal fossae malignancies. A maxillectomy classification as performed to treat malignancies in our institution is described. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was done using the Cox's model. RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients were evaluated. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 62 cases and in 95 patients the epicentre of the tumour was located in the maxillary antrum. Ten patients were treated with surgery only, 39 patients with surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy, 37 cases received only radiotherapy, and 18 received radiotherapy followed by surgery; in five cases a combination of chemo-radiotherapy was used. Multivariate analysis identified T classification, orbit invasion, N classification, site of origin of tumour in nasal fossae, and no surgical resection as independent prognostic factors (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: T4 tumours with orbit invasion present bad prognosis as compared to other T4 tumours. Surgical resection should be included in the treatment strategy. Because of the high frequency of lymph-node metastasis, neck treatment should be considered in T4 tumours.     

Innervation of the Temporo-Mandibular Disc in Man

Abstract

Objective. To examine whether the rapid increase in the availability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has changed the number of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injuries related to the removal of mandibular third molars in Finland. The hypothesis was that the number of nerve injuries should diminish due to better imaging methods. Materials and methods. The number of CBCT devices, the annual number of CBCT examinations and the number of permanent IAN injuries occurring between 1997 and 2007 were analyzed. The data was collected from three national registers: the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, the Social Insurance Institution and the Patient Insurance Centre. A detailed analysis was made from the cases of permanent IAN injuries. Results. The first CBCT device was registered in 2002 and the cumulative number of these devices in 2009 was 22. There was an increase from 555 to 3160 in the number of annual CBCT examinations during the period 2004–2009. The total number of permanent IAN injuries during the years 1997–2007 was 129 and remained stable throughout the period (regression analysis, p = 0.974, r ² = 0.01). Conclusions. Contrary to this hypothesis, the availability of CBCT devices has had no significant influence on the number of IAN injuries related to mandibular third molar removals in Finland. More education should be given to optimize the use of CBCT to cover difficult cases that may give rise to complications.     

Efficacy of adjuvant ozone therapy in reducing postsurgical complications following impacted mandibular third-molar surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundResults from several randomized controlled trials have shown a beneficial effect of ozone in reducing postsurgical complications after impacted mandibular third-molar surgery, but the literature is lacking a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe authors conducted this systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines after exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied and the following outcome parameters were evaluated: pain, swelling, trismus, quality of life, number of analgesics consumed, and adverse events. RevMan Cochrane Collaboration software, Version 5.3, was used to perform meta-analysis and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence.ResultsPatients who underwent adjuvant ozone application reported lower pain scores than patients in the control group at 24 hours after surgery (95% CI, –3.94 to –1.56) and at 7 days (95% CI, –1.67 to –0.78). Pooled analysis of all 4 included trials revealed a standardized mean difference (SMD) in swelling of –0.44 at 24 hours, 0.63 at 72 hours, and –0.87 at 7 days after surgery in the experimental group. Higher mean estimates in mouth opening were experienced by patients who received ozone at 24 hours (SMD, 2.74; 95% CI, –1.93 to 7.41; 4 studies, 133 patients), 72 hours (SMD, 2.77; 95% CI, –0.63 to 6.17; 4 studies, 133 patients), and 7 days after surgery (SMD, 1.42 SMD; 95% CI, –1.34 to 4.18; 4 studies, 133 patients).Practical ImplicationsEvidence suggests that adjuvant ozone application can offer some benefit for reducing pain, improving quality of life, and decreasing mean intake of analgesics after impacted mandibular third-molar surgery, but it is not effective in reducing facial swelling and trismus, which paves the way for future research.     

Effects of palatine bone denudation repair with periosteal graft on maxillary growth: An experimental study in rats

BackgroundThe long-term goal of cleft palate repair is to provide normal maxillary growth and speech capacity. However, most surgical repairs of cleft palate result in areas of bone denudation on lateral aspects of the hard palate. It is widely acknowledged that palatal bone denudation and subsequent scar contracture resulting from cleft palate surgery can inhibit maxillary growth.MethodThis study is designed to investigate the effect of the periosteum on growth patterns of the maxilla. A total of 32 three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and three experimental groups: a mucosa excision group, a mucosa-periosteum excision group and a periosteal graft group. Nine weeks postoperatively the skulls were prepared for study and palatal widths and lengths were determined. The experimental groups were investigated for various histological changes.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference for the maxillary measurements (palatal width and length) between the mucosa excision group and the periosteal graft group when compared with the control group. However, the mucosa-periosteum excision group compared to the control indicated a statistically significant decrease in the same measurements. There was also a statistically significant difference for the maxillary measurements between the periosteal graft group and the mucosa-periosteum excision group.It was demonstrated histologically that the density of the Sharpey's fibres and periodontal scar tissue showed a slight increase in the mucosa excision group and the periosteal graft group compared with the control group. In the mucosa-periosteum excision group, the density increased significantly as expected.ConclusionsAll of these findings testify that retaining the periosteum or replacement with a periosteum graft after surgery can prevent the inhibition of maxillary growth.