侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣在乳腺癌术后即刻乳房成形中的应用

目的:探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的乳腺癌改良根治术后应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣即刻乳房成形的适应证、疗效及可行性。方法:对43例扁平或小乳房、IIIA期前的乳腺癌患者行保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术,术中即刻应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣乳房成形或同时联合假体乳房重建,术后评价美容效果,观察并发症,对治疗效果进行随访。结果:43例患者均成功手术。平均手术时间1.7(1.3~2.2)h,平均住院时间17(13~24)d,术后平均住院时间13(10~18)d。术后随访2~12个月,无乳头坏死,组织瓣感染2例;无局部复发及远处转移;患者总体满意度8.5分,乳房外观客观评价良好率86.0%(37/43)。结论:保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣修复重塑乳房外形具有操作方便、手术快捷、技术可行的特点,特别适合于扁平小乳房、IIIA期前的乳腺癌患者。     

乳腺癌术后I期假体植入乳房重建术后使用抗生素与术后假体乳房感染的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌术后I期假体植入乳房重建术后预防性使用抗生素与术后假体感染率的关系。 方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年10月116例接受乳腺癌术后I期假体植入乳房重建术患者,按抗生素预防性应用的时间分为两组：<24 h组(52例)和>24 h组(64例);采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析,肿瘤大小、手术时间、体温变化、切口甲级愈合时间等采用( ±s)表示,独立样本t检验;假体感染发生率采用χ²或Fisher精确检验;P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果>24 h组和<24 h组在30 d内乳房假体感染发生率及在任何时间假体乳房感染发生率分别为12.5%、19.2%和15.6%、21.1% (P>0.05);两组手术切口达到甲级愈合的时间：>24 h组为(18.7±3.4)d; <24 h组为(18.4±4.4) d,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期假体植入乳房重建术后长期预防性应用抗生素并不能进一步降低术后假体乳房感染的发生率。     

未扪及肿块的乳腺癌病灶定位与手术方法

目的 探讨仅影像学表现为恶性钙化而乳房未扪及肿块乳腺癌的病灶定位方法、手术方法及其治疗效果.方法 对61例乳房体检不能触及肿块、影像学检查也未发现肿块,仅X线钼靶片或超声检查显示恶性钙化病灶或局部血流丰富的乳腺癌(T1～2NOM0)患者,术前应用全数字化平板乳腺机(FFDM),对钙化病灶进行坐标法立体定位、术中精确切除病灶、术后应用FFDM法复检标本,同时行广基带血管腺体组织瓣Ⅰ期乳房内成形保乳手术(单发病灶者)或乳腺癌改良根治术(多中心病灶者).结果 50例行保乳手术的患者,坐标法定位病灶的准确率为100%(50/50).对病灶切缘阴性、FFDM复检无病灶残留者,其广基带血管腺体组织瓣乳腺Ⅰ期成形结果按JCRT标准,达优率为86.0%(43/50);Compliance差值为1.5 cm.11例行乳腺癌改良根治术,均为外弥漫性恶性钙化多中心病灶者.61例患者的随访时间为6～58个月(中位随访时间为39个月).全组仅1例远处转移,无局部复发患者.结论 对不能扪及肿块的乳腺癌病灶,应用FFDM坐标法定位,准确可行.对单发病灶者,在定位下行保乳手术,同时行广基带血管腺体组织瓣Ⅰ期乳房内成形术,疗效满意.     

游离带感觉神经腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣在乳房再造中的应用

目的 探讨游离带感觉神经腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植再造乳房的方法和效果。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2015年10月—2017年12月湖南省肿瘤医院单侧早期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)乳腺癌患者12例,均为女性,年龄33～52 (37.4±3.5)岁。12例均行改良根治术,并应用带感觉神经腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣行同期乳房再造术,皮瓣携带的肋间神经感觉支与受区肋间神经吻合,腹壁下血管与受区胸廓内血管或者胸背血管吻合。记录皮瓣长度、宽度、厚度及血管蒂情况,携带感觉神经长度及选择的受区血管和神经。随访再造乳房的感觉恢复情况,将乳房分为5个区,包括4个象限和中央区,对每区的压力觉和温度觉恢复情况进行记录。完成患者主观感觉的问卷调查,内容包括外形恢复、感觉恢复和满意度。结果 皮瓣长(32.3±0.4)cm、宽(12.7±1.6)cm、厚(3.8±0.4)cm,腹壁下血管蒂长度为(12.5±0.4)cm,动脉管径为(1.7±0.4)mm,伴行静脉管径为(2.2±0.7)mm,携带肋间神经感觉支长度为(2.3±0.4)cm。受区血管为胸廓内血管(7例)和胸背血管(5例)。所有受区神经为同侧第3肋间神经。所有皮瓣顺利成活,1例皮瓣供区发生脂肪液化,经换药后愈合,未见其他并发症。再造乳房外形圆润,弹性质地可,未见皮瓣发生溃疡;皮瓣供区仅遗留线性瘢痕,腹壁功能未见影响。12例患者均获随访12～38个月,平均19.6个月,未见乳腺癌复发情况。术后12个月调查患者的感觉恢复效果,12例(100%)带感觉神经腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣再造乳房病例中,所有再造乳房至少有1区恢复了温度觉。患者对再造乳房外形及感觉恢复均满意。结论 游离带感觉神经腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣与受区胸壁第3肋间神经吻合有助于乳腺癌术后乳房再造的感觉功能恢复。     

Oncologic safety of breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAutologous fat grating has become increasingly popular as a breast reconstructive procedure. Nevertheless, preclinical studies show that fat transfer to a previous breast cancer site could activate latent cancer cells, creating a favourable environment for disease recurrence. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether fat grafting increases the risk of locoregional recurrence in patients formerly treated for breast cancer.MethodsBased on PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review searching for randomised clinical trials and matched cohorts on the topic was performed in the electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. The date of the last search was July 20, 2021. The meta-analysis assessed the comparison of locoregional recurrence between groups.ResultsFrom a total of 558 publications, data from nine matched cohorts (1.6%) reporting on 4247 subjects (1590 and 2657 subjects, respectively, in lipofilling and control groups) were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Neither of the outcomes had a statistically significant difference for disease recurrence. For the primary outcome, comparing locoregional recurrence rates between groups, the incidence rate ratio was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.68–1.26; P = 0.620).ConclusionThe present meta-analysis, which comprises the outcomes of the individual studies with the best current evidence on the topic so far, strengthens the evidence favouring the oncologic safety of lipofilling for breast reconstruction.     

Thin Superior Medial Pedicle Reduction Mammaplasty for Severe Mammary Hypertrophy

Background

There are multitudes of procedures in plastic surgery used to correct hypertrophic and pendulous breasts in patients with heavy and ptotic breasts who need great resections of breast tissue, where the suprasternal notch-to-nipple distance is long and the use of nipple-areola transposition techniques is a challenge for the plastic surgeon. The purpose of this study is to present a technique of reduction mammaplasty that could solve these problems based on the following principles: mammary reduction utilizing a thin superior medial pedicle (0.8–1.5 cm thick) and the resection performed in two steps: (1) the base excess at a plane perpendicular to the breast (this determines the cone’s height) and (2) central half keel (this determines the breast diameter reduction).

Methods

Ninety patients with mammary hypertrophy were operated on at the “Hospital das Clínicas,” São Paulo University Medical School, between January 2000 and November 2005. Inclusion in this study required a minimum of 12-cm change in nipple position and a 750-g breast resection.

Results

The mean change in nipple position was 16 cm (range = 12–21 cm). The mean weight of each breast was 1400 (range = 750–3000 g).Considering the great amount of volume removed and the size of the operated breasts, few complications were observed and were similar to those reported following other techniques described in the literature. Patient satisfaction following this procedure was high.

Conclusion

The results of this study clearly demonstrate that thin superior medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty is a safe and reliable technique in cases of severe mammary hypertrophy.

     

即刻及延期乳房再造方法的选择

目的回顾总结乳腺癌根治术后应用单纯假体植入、Becker可扩张假体植入和单蒂腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣（TRAM）移植、扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣（ELDF）移植乳房再造术的经验,探讨手术的适应证、方法和效果。方法自2002年7月至2005年10月,共67例患者进行了乳腺癌根治术后乳房再造术。即刻乳房再造56例：单纯假体植入38例、Becker可扩张假体植入16例、单蒂TRAM移植2例。延期乳房再造11例：单蒂TRAM移植6例、ELDF移植4例、Becker可扩张假体植入1例。结果手术效果满意,优良率超过90％。5例患者出现轻微并发症：皮瓣局灶性坏死2例,保留的乳头乳晕部分坏死1例,血清肿2例。结论单纯假体植入用于即刻乳房再造,适用于乳房较小、行保留皮肤的乳腺癌根治术后的患者,不宜用于延期乳房再造;可扩张假体植入即刻乳房再造适用于乳房较大或改良乳腺癌根治术的患者,同时可扩张假体植入延期乳房再造可用于皮肤、肌肉保留较好的乳腺癌根治患者;TRAM和ELDF皮瓣移植乳房再造是自体组织移植,其安全性高,可用于即刻和延期乳房再造。     

乳腺腺体塑形在腺体局部缺损一期修复术中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺部分切除术后腺体塑形一期修复局部缺损的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析广东省肇庆市妇幼保健院乳腺外科201 1年1月-2014年12月收治的62例乳腺部分切除术后采用腺体塑形一期修复局部缺损的手术患者的临床资料.结果 全组患者均康复出院,平均手术时间60 min.平均住院时间7d,平均总费用5 216元.切口感染1例,局部血肿6例.随访12～36个月,未见明显变形,自然对称,美观效果评价优良87.1％(54/62),一般12.9％(8/62).结论 乳腺部分切除术后采用乳腺腺体塑形一期修复局部缺损手术应用安全可靠、经济简便.     

带蒂腹直肌肌皮瓣及背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造并发症的Meta分析

目的 比较运用横行带蒂腹直肌肌皮瓣（transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap,TRAM flap）和背阔肌肌皮瓣（latissimus dorsi flap,LDF）进行I期乳房再造术的并发症（包括脂肪坏死率、肌皮瓣部分坏死率、肌皮瓣完全坏死率）,为临床决策提供依据.方法 在CNKI、SinoMed、PubMed、VIP、Cochrane等数据库和运用手工检索1992～2012年有关带蒂TRAM肌皮瓣及LDFI期乳房再造的中英文文献共1493篇.按照纳入与排除标准选择、提取资料和评价质量后,发现有47篇文献符合标准,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行M-H固定效应模型进行Meta分析.结果 有10篇文献同时包含带蒂TRAM肌皮瓣和LDF乳房再造并发症,所以用以比较两者的并发症的相关危险度（relative risk,RR）和95％置信区间（confidence interval,CI）.带蒂TRAM肌皮瓣的部分坏死率是LDF的1.7倍（RR值为1.72,95％CI为1.02～2.88）,脂肪坏死率（RR值为1.01,95％CI为0.60～1.72）和肌皮瓣完全坏死率（RR值为2.13,95％CI为0.82～5.54）,与LDF相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 LDF与带蒂TRAM肌皮瓣乳房再造术相比,LDF乳房再造的肌皮瓣部分坏死并发症发生率较低,肌皮瓣完全坏死率与脂肪坏死率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.