一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染

目的:评估一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年1月因腰骶椎感染行一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节(second sacral alar-iliac,S2AI)螺钉内固定患者10例,男7例,女3例;年龄50～75岁,平均61.8±7.7岁。10例患者均系自发感染,其中3例合并糖尿病。所有患者均排除结核、布氏杆菌感染。所有患者术前完善白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)以及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)等检查。术前根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果应用抗生素。术后继续使用敏感抗生素,监测白细胞计数、ESR以及CRP以指导抗生素使用。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术前腰背痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术前腰椎JOA评分、末次随访VAS评分及JOA评分。影像学随访观察内固定及植骨融合情况。结果:10例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间165～225min,平均193.5±20.6min,术中出血量为200～450ml,平均310.0±81.0ml。手术切口一期愈合。抗生素使用时间83～97d,平均89.2±4.5d。术后3个月时所有患者白细胞计数、ESR及CRP均降至正常。随访期间未发现感染复发的患者。腰背痛VAS评分由术前6.4±1.0分降至末次随访时的1.4±1.0分(P0.05),JOA评分由术前14.4±2.8分上升至末次随访时的24.3±2.9分(P0.05)。末次随访时,所有病例内固定位置良好,植骨区融合良好。结论:一期前路病灶清除联合后路S2AI螺钉固定治疗腰骶椎感染,可获得坚强的固定和满意的疗效。     

Analysis of factors among 30-day and 1-year mortality rates in patients with borderline stable-unstable intertrochanteric hip fracture

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of surgical procedures on mortality and to identify the possible risk factors for mortality in the management of geriatric hip fractures.MethodsA total of 191 patients (105 women and 86 men; mean age 82.26±9.681 [60–108] years) with AO/OTA 31A2.2 intertrochanteric fractures and treated with sliding hip screw, proximal femoral nail, or hemiarthroplasty were included in this retrospective cohort study. The treatment type was decided by the responsible surgeon according to the patients’ pre-injury activity level, bone quality, and features of the fracture. Age, sex, type of fracture, type of surgery performed, American society of anesthesiology (ASA) grade, type of anesthesia, time to surgery, type of physical therapy, length of hospital stay, and number of comorbidities were documented. We evaluated the 30-day and 1-year mortality of patients treated with sliding hip screw (SHS), proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFN-A), or hemiarthroplasty and identified the possible risk factors for mortality.ResultsA total of 49 patients underwent SHS, 58 underwent PFN-A, and 84 underwent hemiarthroplasty. Of these, 2 patients with SHS, 2 with PFN-A, and 11 with hemiarthroplasty died within 30 days after surgery, whereas 7 patients with SHS, 15 with PFN-A, and 23 with hemiarthroplasty died 1 year after surgery. The 30-day and 1-year overall mortality rates were 7.9% and 23.6%, respectively. Both the 30-day and 1-year mortality risks were higher in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty than in patients undergoing SHS (p=0.068 versus 0.058). The 30-day mortality was higher in patients receiving general anesthesia than in those receiving combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (p=0.009). The 1-year mortality risk was higher in patients with ASA grade 4 than in those with grade 1 and 2 (p=0.045). Advanced age (p=0.022) and male sex (p=0.007) were also found to be the risk factors for 1-year mortality.ConclusionWe demonstrated that higher ASA grade, male sex, general anesthesia, and hemiarthroplasty procedures are associated with higher mortality rates in elderly patients with hip fractures. Thus, we highly recommend orthopedic surgeons to consider all these factors in the management of intertrochanteric hip fractures in the geriatric population.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Prognostic Study     

耳后皮下蒂岛状皮瓣修复耳甲腔缺损

目的观察皮下蒂岛状皮瓣(旋转门皮瓣)修复耳甲腔皮肤缺损创面的效果。方法2018年4月至2019年4月,东南大学附属徐州医院整形美容科用耳后皮下蒂旋转门皮瓣治疗耳甲腔皮肤缺损10例,男6例,女4例,年龄2个月至68岁,平均57岁;缺损大小1.0 cm×1.0 cm~2.5 cm×1.5 cm。结果10例患者术后均一期愈合,耳郭形态和功能较好。随访6~24个月,平均10个月,肿物无复发;患者术后满意度100%。结论耳后皮下蒂岛状旋转门皮瓣修复耳甲腔缺损手术方法简单、手术时间短易学,值得临床应用。     

Tension band plates have greater risks of complications in temporary epiphysiodesis

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of decreasing leg-length discrepancy (LLD) and postoperative complications between tension band plates (TBP) and percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS).MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed LLD patients who underwent temporary epiphysiodesis at the distal femur and/or proximal tibia from 2010 to 2017 (minimum two years follow-up). Efficacy of decreasing LLD was assessed one and two years postoperatively. Complications were classified with the modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink complication classification system. Knee deformities were assessed by percentile and zone of mechanical axis across the tibial plateau.ResultsIn total, 53 patients (25 boys, 28 girls) underwent temporary epiphysiodesis (mean age, 11.4 years). The efficacy of decreasing LLD at two years between the TBP (n = 38) and PETS (n = 15) groups was comparable. Seven grade III complications were recorded in six TBP patients and in one PETS patient who underwent revision surgeries for knee deformities and physis impingement. Four grade I and two grade II complications occurred in the TBP group. The mechanical axis of the leg shifted laterally in the PETS group and medially in the TBP groups (+7.1 percentile versus -4.2 percentile; p < 0.05). Shifting of the mechanical axis by two zones was noted medially in four TBP patients and laterally in two PETS patients.ConclusionMore implant-related complications and revision surgeries for angular deformities were associated with TBP. A tendency of varus and valgus deformity after epiphysiodesis using TBP and PETS was observed, respectively. Patients and families should be informed of the risks and regular postoperative follow-up is recommended.Level of evidenceLevel III     

基于点云数据的髋臼置钉通道全局优化

针对髋臼前后柱置钉通道多截面调控规划法的不足,该研究提出了基于大密度点云数据、相关理论、软件内置功能及自编程序的规划方法,实现了对置钉通道总长的全局优化,同时进行了基于7截面、11截面调控规划法以及点云数据的前柱最大内接圆柱体虚拟置钉实验,分析了实验结果及形成机理,验证了基于点云数据规划法的全局优化效果,但对多截面调控规划法的调控有效性表示还存有疑问,此外,还对基于点云数据的髋臼置钉通道规划方法应用的相关原理和操作技巧作了简略介绍。     

3D打印导航模板辅助椎弓根螺钉在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的置钉效果

目的:探讨3D打印导航模板辅助椎弓根螺钉在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的置钉效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年6月间采用椎弓根螺钉置钉法治疗的39例脊柱侧弯患者的病例资料,其中采用3D打印导航模板辅助置钉(3D组)18例,常规徒手置钉方法置钉(徒手组)21例。记录并比较2组的置钉时间、置钉出血量、置钉透视次数、置钉等级及准确率、置钉可接受率、置钉并发症和主弯矫形率。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:39例患者均顺利完成术中置钉,术后徒手组4例出现并发症,治疗后症状消失,3D组无相关并发症出现。3D组的置钉时间、置钉出血量、置钉透视次数少于徒手组,置钉等级及准确率、置钉可接受率均优于徒手组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3D组和徒手组主弯矫形率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在脊柱侧弯矫形术中采用3D打印导航模板辅助椎弓根螺钉置钉,可显著降低置钉难度、优化术中置钉操作、提升置钉效果,是一种较好的置钉方法。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定稳定性的生物力学测试

目的：胸腰椎骨折采用椎弓根螺钉内固定，其疗效与螺钉固定的长度，螺钉的植入方向以及骨密度大小诸因素相关，为此进行生物力学分析，为临床手术提供依据，方法：采用6具成人新鲜脊柱标本，应用实验应力分析手段进行测试。结果：长螺钉的应变比短螺钉应变在压缩，前屈，后伸，侧屈分别小16％，41％，56％，41％，其强度分别提高16％，41％，55％，41％，其脊柱位移分别小18％，25％，32％，30％，轴向刚度分别提高18％，25％，32％，30％（P均＜0．05），骨密度对拔出力的影响，正常组与骨质疏松组相差67％，相应的相对位移，应变，能量两组平均相差均在16％以上（P＜0．05），结论：手术中应注意弓椎根螺钉固定相关因素，这对提高手术质量，减少并发症起着重要作用。     

椎弓根螺钉在骨矿量下降椎体中应用的生物力学研究

目的通过对5种不同型号椎弓根螺钉(U1、U2、SF1、SF2、RF)在脊柱标本中内固定稳定性的生物力学测试,探讨螺钉设计参数、拧紧力矩同骨密度之间的关系,为临床骨质疏松患者应用椎弓根螺钉提供理论依据。方法采集腰椎标本6具,按骨密度ρ分正常组(ρ>1.00g/cm2)、骨矿量下降组(0.90g/cm2<ρ<1.00g/cm2)和骨质疏松组(ρ<0.90g/cm2),应用WD鄄10A万能实验机,测定不同骨密度下螺钉设计参数、拧紧力矩等对椎弓根螺钉内固定稳定性的影响。结果5种不同型号椎弓根螺钉(U1、U2、SF1、SF2、RF)固定的脊柱标本,其拔出力之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。骨密度的大小直接影响螺钉内固定的强度(以拔出力的大小衡量),正常组、骨矿量下降组与骨质疏松组之间存在着显著性差异(P<0.05)。椎弓根螺钉内固定的强度与拧紧力矩大小存在正相关关系,与骨密度也存在正相关(r=0.936)。在骨矿量相对下降的标本中,5种螺钉中U2的拔出力最大。结论螺钉的类型、被固定标本的骨密度同固定的稳定性密切相关。骨密度与最大拔出力、拧紧力矩具有正相关性.“U”型钉在对骨矿量下降标本的固定中具有一定优势。     

骨圈对椎弓根钉系统负载影响的三维有限元分析

目的：探讨单枚人体皮质骨圈(allograft fusion cage，AFC)斜植融合术中椎弓根钉系统受力分布，并对临床常见断钉原理进行分析，为临床应用提供理论依据。方法：采用二三维有限元方法(finite element method，FEM)，对放置及不放置AFC的脊柱Steffee钢板固定效果进行评估。结果：未放置AFC时Steffee钢板所受最大应力约为放置AFC状态下的4．8倍；椎弓根钉与螺帽交界处所受应力为最大，尤其上位螺钉与靠近椎体侧螺帽交界处是应力值最大点，未放置AFC时椎弓根钉最大应力点约为放置AFC状态下的5．0倍。结论：螺钉与钢板交界区是容易发生断钉的区域，尤其上位螺钉与靠近椎体侧螺帽交界处是最易断钉的部位；椎弓根钉系统放置AFC会明显增强融合节段稳定性，减少断钉等并发症。