Glutamatergic activities in neonatal rat spinal cord heterogeneously regulate single-fiber splanchnic nerve discharge

Kynurenic acid (KYN) is a metabolite of tryptophan and is involved in various neurological disorders. Using whole-bundle nerve recording techniques, we previously observed that applications of KYN to block endogenous ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in neonatal rat spinal cords in vitro cause a reversible fluctuation of splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). We hypothesized that the SND fluctuation was due to a heterogeneous single-fiber response. To detail individual fiber activities, we used the so-called ‘oligofiber recordings’. Spontaneous single-fiber activities were recorded from the collagenase-dissociated splanchnic nerve fascicles. Applications of KYN increased, decreased or did not change firing rates. The heterogeneous responses in spontaneous spiking activities were confirmed by applications of APV or CNQX, suggesting an effect mediated by endogenous NMDA- or non-NMDA receptor activities. In addition to changes in firing rates, apparent drug-induced changes in firing patterns were also observed in some fiber activities. Using the oligofiber recording techniques, we confirmed a differential role of endogenous ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in regulating sympathetic outflows from the spinal cord of neonatal rats. Fine-tuning of ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in the spinal cord may serve as a simple way for heterogeneous regulation of various sympathetic-targeting tissues.     

Creation of a gelatin-based solution for preservation of leukocytes

A new effective and available method is proposed for preservation of human blood leukocytes at supercooling temperature (−10°C). The method consists in induction of cold hypobiosis under protection of an original antifreeze protecting solution containing glycerol (cryoprotector), mexidol (antioxidant and membrane stabilizer), and gelatin preparation (modegel or gelatinol) as the solvent. No washing of the solution from the biological object before its intravenous injection is needed; the solution preserves morphological integrity of cells and their functional activity at a high level for 12 days. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 10, pp. 445–447, October, 2007     

口服固体制剂精准分剂量在精准用药中的探索与实践

目的:为医院口服固体制剂的使用提供一种精准分剂量方法,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:利用药片切割器、药片磨粉器等对口服固体制剂进行分劈、磨粉或胶囊内容物直接分装,并称重进行调整,以保证分剂量准确度控制在均分量的85%~115%以内。结果:提供药品精准分剂量服务,能够保证分剂量准确度,提高用药安全性、有效性和方便性,减少药品浪费,降低用药成本。结论:医院药学部门开展药品精准分剂量是精准用药的现实基础,使医院药学服务更加精细,提高患者用药依从性,医护患满意,值得推广。     

2014-2016年六安市中医院医疗机构中药制剂的应用分析

目的：分析六安市中医院2014-2016年医疗机构中药制剂的使用情况,评价其存在的重要性,并对未来发展提出建议。方法：利用医院信息系统,分析2014-2016年我院中药制剂的使用情况。结果：2014-2016年我院中药制剂使用数量大,销售金额占一定比例,排名前五名的制剂分别为十味疏风通窍颗粒、归芍明目颗粒、十味利湿颗粒、芪归通络颗粒、扶正排毒颗粒,但是中药制剂在医院总药品中所占的比例较低,中药制剂使用量亟待提高。结论：医疗机构中药制剂仍有存在的必要性,为加强医院中药制剂的发展,应优化产业结构,加大对传统中药制剂的支持力度;核定制剂价格,提升中药制剂的院内地位;利用新技术研发新制剂,提高中药制剂研究水平;制剂纳入医保范围,提高中药制剂的使用率;转变思路,合理使用中药制剂。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定黄杨宁制剂中的环维黄杨星D的含量

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC MS/MS）快速测定黄杨宁制剂中环维黄杨星D的含量。方法: 采用UPLC MS/MS法。色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,流动相为乙腈 含0.1%甲酸的0.01 mol·L-1甲酸氨溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,进样量为5 μl。离子源为电喷雾（ESI）离子源,正离子模式,工作模式为多反应监测模式（MRM）。结果:环维黄杨星D的线性范围为15.58～1 558.00 ng·ml-1（r=0.999 5）;平均加样回收率为97.7%（RSD=3.8%,n=6）。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确、重复性好,适用于黄杨宁制剂的质量控制。     

BioOcularTM角膜上皮模型EIT法评价眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性研究

目的：用BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法评价眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性。方法：采用BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法对6批眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性进行检测,并与Draize试验所得的结果相比较。结果：Draize法和BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法所得眼刺激性结果均为无刺激性,与Draize法比较,BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法与体内试验的分类一致性为100%(6/6)。 结论：三维重组角膜上皮模型 EIT法有潜力作为眼用制剂包装材料眼刺激性试验的替代方法。     

一测多评法测定不同丹参制剂中4个酚酸成分

目的 建立同时适用于5种丹参制剂（丹参片、复方丹参片、冠心丹参胶囊、心可舒片、双丹胶囊）中4个酚酸类成分一测多评的含量测定方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱法,以丹参素为内参物,建立原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B与丹参素的相对校正因子,比较相对保留值法和保留时间差法对成分定位的影响,并采用外标法验证结果的可靠性。结果 采用相对保留值法可对待测成分进行准确定位,所建立的相对校正因子耐用性良好,原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B相对于丹参素的相对保留值分别为1.894、5.379、6.599,相对校正因子分别为6.611、3.845、2.059,采用外标法验证结果无显著性差异。结论 该方法稳定、可靠,可为上述丹参制剂质量控制提供参考。     

中药质量标志物（Q-Marker）研究进展及对中药质量研究的思考

梳理了中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)在药材、饮片、制剂质量研究及全过程研究中的应用进展,中药Q-Marker的提出为中药质量研究和全过程控制提供了研究思路,并具有很好的指导意义。提出应加强与有效性和安全性相关联的质量研究,加强整体质量表征和多元化控制,完善源头和全过程质量控制,重视药材、饮片和制剂之间的相关性研究,分阶段开展质量标准研究,不断提高中药质量控制水平。