Intracorneal scleral patch supported cyanoacrylate application for corneal perforations secondary to rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose:To describe a new technique of intracorneal scleral patch (ICSP) supported cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) application in corneal perforations, greater than 3.0 mm secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:This Prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, interventional series included 14 eyes (14 patients). All patients had corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm due to RA, which were treated with ICSP supported CTA application. A partial thickness scleral patch 1.0 mm larger than diameter of corneal perforation was prepared. A lamellar corneal pocket 0.5 mm all around the corneal perforation was created. The partial thickness scleral patch was placed in the corneal perforation site and the edge was fitted into the lamellar intracorneal pocket. A minimum quantity of CTA was applied on the scleral patch to seal the perforation.Results:The corneal perforations healed in 14 eyes (100%) in a mean 7.71 ± 1.14 (range, 6–9) weeks. One eye (7.14%) had inadvertent extrusion of ICSP due to premature removal of CTA but, Seidel''s test was negative, and the corneal epithelial defect healed with BCL alone. One eye each (7.14%) developed steroid induced cataract and glaucoma. None of eyes developed infective keratitis, re-opening of corneal perforation (necessitating repeat procedure) or enlargement of corneal perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).Conclusion:ICSP supported CTA application is a successful alternative option to emergency PKP in treating corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm with associated RA.     

特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后黄斑区视网膜微结构修复与视功能恢复关系研究

目的　观察特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)患者术后黄斑区视网膜各层微结构解剖修复过程与视功能恢复的关系。方法　回顾性研究。选取手术治疗的IMH患者40例40眼,根据患眼术后1周~1个月光学相干断层扫描（OCT）图像微结构连续变化的愈合特征分为3组,其中,A组:裂孔缺损组织及黄斑中心凹曲线完全或部分修复,且已修复部分为椭圆体带先愈合者;B组:裂孔缺损组织及黄斑中心凹曲线完全或部分修复,且已修复部分为除椭圆体带外的其他视网膜层先愈合者;C组:裂孔缺损组织及黄斑中心凹曲线未修复者。对比并观察3组患眼最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、微视野光敏度（MS）及OCT和多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）检查结果。结果　40例（40眼）患者中术后黄斑裂孔愈合的34例（34眼）裂孔愈合时间为术后1~10（5.42±3.16）d,椭圆体带完全对接时间为术后2~12（5.57±3.69）d。术后1周,A组较B组有更高的全层愈合率（P=0.038）。3组患眼术后1周BCVA均较术前提高（均为P<0.05）。术后1周,A组BCVA优于B组、C组,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;术后1个月、3个月、6个月时,A组、B组BCVA均较C组提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）,但A组与B组BCVA间差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后1个月,A组、B组MS与术前相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）,但A组MS优于B组、B组优于C组（均为P<0.05）;术后3个月、6个月,A组、B组MS均较C组提高（均为P<0.05）,但A组与B组MS相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后6个月,A组、B组黄斑中心1环、2环N1、P1波振幅密度及潜伏期均较术前明显改善（均为P<0.05）,C组与术前相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）;A组、B组黄斑中心1环、2环N1、P1波振幅密度及潜伏期与C组相比差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）,但A组与B组间相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。结论　IMH患眼术后初期椭圆体带先愈合者黄斑区视网膜微结构具有更高的全层愈合率,且视功能恢复效果更佳。     

黄斑裂孔面积相关参数在预测特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔闭合形态中的应用

目的　应用黄斑裂孔面积相关参数预测特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)患者术后裂孔闭合形态的有效性。方法　将2018年6月至2020年12月因IMH行玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术患者共47例47眼纳入本研究。所有患者均行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)检查。将黄斑裂孔闭合形态分为1型及2型。计算黄斑裂孔指数（MHI）、裂孔直径指数（DHI）、黄斑裂孔愈合指数（MHCI）和裂孔形成因子（HFF）。采用ImageJ软件获得以下参数:裂孔两侧外界膜断端到光感受器脱离起点的曲线距离（m、n）、黄斑裂孔面积（MHA）、裂孔区视网膜面积（MHTA）、囊腔面积（MHCSA）。计算裂孔面积指数（MHAI）、裂孔区视网膜面积指数（MHTAI）、囊腔面积指数（MHCSAI）。术前与术后3个月患者BCVA行非参数秩和检验;将患者各评估参数、术后视力与裂孔闭合形态行Spearman相关性分析;术前各种黄斑裂孔评估参数进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析。结果　1型黄斑裂孔闭合患者术前BCVA与术后3个月比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);2型黄斑裂孔闭合患者术前BCVA与术后3个月比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.09)。IMH患者黄斑裂孔闭合形态与术后BCVA（r=0.57,P=0.000 3）、MHI（r=-0.64,P<0.000 1）、MHCI（r=-0.67,P<0.000 1）、HFF（r=-0.66,P<0.000 1）、MHAI（r=0.70,P<0.000 1)均呈显著相关;与MHTAI（r=-0.48,P=0.04）、MHSCAI（r=-0.49,P=0.04）均呈弱相关;与DHI（r=0.35,P=0.42）无相关性。MHI、DHI、HFF、MHCI、MHAI、MHTAI、MHCSAI的AUC分别为0．921、0.720、0.929、0.944、0.957、0.803、0.806,其cut-off值分别为>0.35、>0.56、<0.56、>0.84、>0.33、<0.39、<0.23。结论　运用ImageJ软件对IMH患者的SD-OCT结果进行分析发现,MHAI、MHCI是预测黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔闭合形态的最重要指标。     

特发性黄斑前膜患者的光学相干断层扫描血流成像和微视野检查指标与视力的相关性

目的　观察特发性黄斑前膜（IMEM）患者微视野和光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）的微血管变化及与视力的相关性。方法　横断面研究。选择2019年10月至2020年10月来我院就诊的IMEM患者37例（72眼）,根据Gass分期分为A组（2期IMEM 23眼）和B组（0期、1期IMEM 25眼）及C组（健康对侧眼24眼）。另选择健康对照组13人26眼为D组。利用OCTA检测所有受试者视网膜厚度、黄斑区中心凹视网膜浅层血流密度（FSVD）、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CMT）、黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度、黄斑中心凹无血管区（FAZ）面积和FAZ 300 μm宽度内血流密度（FD-300）。微视野计检查各组受检眼黄斑中心6°范围的视觉敏感度（MS）,分析不同组别受检眼OCTA检测指标、MS与视力的相关性。结果　A组患眼BCVA大于B组、C组和D组,B组大于D组;A组患眼CMT大于B组,B组大于C组、D组;5个方位视网膜厚度中央视网膜厚度A组大于B组、C组和D组,B组大于D组,上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧视网膜厚度A组大于B组、C组和D组。5个方位MS A组小于D组。A组FSVD大于B组;各组间黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度无显著差异;FAZ面积A组、B组小于C组、D组;A组FD-300大于B组、C组和D组,B组大于D组。BCVA（logMAR）与视网膜中央厚度和FD-300均呈正相关（r=0.719,P<0.01;r=0.407,P<0.01）,与视网膜中央MS呈负相关（r=-0.564,P<0.01）,与FSVD不相关（r=0.267,P=0.066）,与FAZ面积不相关（r=-0.004,P=0.978）。IMEM患眼中央、上方、颞侧、下方、鼻侧视网膜厚度与其所对应的MS均呈负相关（均为P<0.05)。结论　IMEM引起的黄斑区视网膜厚度和血流改变会导致患者视力和MS的改变。     

基于SD-OCT建立新的前膜分级法评估IMEM对年龄相关性白内障患者术后视功能的影响

目的：在单纯白内障术前,根据频域光学相干断层扫描技术(SD-OCT)显示年龄相关性白内障合并特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)的患眼黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的紊乱程度建立新的IMEM分级法,评估其用于预测年龄相关性白内障患者的视功能预后的价值。

方法：选取2017-10/2018-11在暨南大学附属深圳市眼科医院因年龄相关性白内障单纯行超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,术前眼底检查发现合并IMEM者64例80眼,根据SD-OCT显示的IMEM对黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的破坏程度将IMEM分为4级。对合并各级IMEM的患者术前、术后3mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、平均视敏度(MS)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、黄斑前膜进展率进行对比分析。

结果：在SD-OCT图像上,随着合并的IMEM分级的增高,前膜越明显,患者的黄斑中心凹凹部丢失和内部结构紊乱越严重。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼BCVA随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而增加(F=37.72、26.43,均P<0.001)。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼MS随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而降低(F=43.77、28.96,均P<0.001)。术后3mo CMT的改变和黄斑前膜进展率并不一致,合并各级IMEM的患眼CMT与术前均无差异(P>0.05),但黄斑前膜进展率呈显著上升趋势(χ²_趋势=12.59,P<0.001)。

结论：借助于SD-OCT对年龄相关性白内障合并的IMEM进行新的精细分级,可以更精准地预测该类患者单纯行白内障手术术后的视功能恢复情况。     

Family history and its association to curve size and treatment in 1,463 patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose

To study family history in relation to curve severity, gender, age at diagnosis and treatment in idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

A self-assessment questionnaire on family history of scoliosis was administered to 1,463 untreated, brace or surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Results

Out of the 1,463 patients, 51 % had one or more relatives with scoliosis. There was no significant difference between females and males, nor between juvenile and adolescent study participants in this respect (p = 0.939 and 0.110, respectively). There was a significant difference in maximum curve size between patients with one or more relatives with scoliosis (median 35°, interquartile range 25) and patients without any relative with scoliosis (median 32°, interquartile range 23) (p = 0.022). When stratifying patients according to treatment (observation, brace treatment or surgery), we found that it was more common to have a relative with scoliosis among the treated patients (p = 0.011). The OR for being treated was 1.32 (95 % CI 1.06–1.64) when the patient had a relative with scoliosis, compared to not having.

Conclusions

Larger curve sizes were found in patients with a family history of scoliosis than in the ones without. No relation between family history and gender or between family history and age at onset of idiopathic scoliosis was found. Although the presence of a family history of scoliosis may not be a strong prognostic risk factor, it indicates that these patients are at higher risk of developing a more severe curve.     

Are intraspinal anomalies in early onset idiopathic scoliosis as common as once thought? A two centre United Kingdom study

Purpose

Rates of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis may be as high as 50 %. We aimed to determine the rates of neural axis abnormalities in early onset idiopathic scoliosis patients in a British population.

Methods

This retrospective study at two British spinal deformity clinics identified 72 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria of: (1) age at diagnosis of 7 years and younger, (2) idiopathic scoliosis and (3) magnetic resonance imaging of the neuraxis.

Results

The mean age at diagnosis was 3.6 years and the mean Cobb angle was 47° with a near equal distribution of left (32) and right (36) sided curves. Eight (11.1 %) neural axis abnormalities consisting of two syrinxes, one Arnold–chiari Type I malformation and five combined (Arnold–chiari malformation Type I and syrinx) anomalies were identified.

Conclusions

This multi-centre study on the largest number of British subjects to date helps to establish the rates of neural axis abnormalities.