Livedo racemosa mit Ulzerationen Zyklische Therapie mit Iloprost (Ilomedin®)-Infusionen

A 43 year old woman suffered from an intermittent painful livedo racemosa at the back since her childhood. Her clinical course was complicated by ulcerations. In careful clinical investigations no signs of an underlying disease could be found, in particular a Sneddon syndrome could be excluded. By means of both conservative and surgical treatments, initial healing of the ulcerations was achieved but relapses occurred. Cyclic infusions of iloprost achieved long-term clearing of the ulcerations and disappearance of the pain. To the best of our knowledge the effectiveness of this treatment has not been described for this disease in the literature.     

Sesquiterpenoids from Inula racemosa

Phytochemical research on the roots of Inula racemosa yielded nine sesquiterpenoids including a new nor-eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, 11,12,13-trinoreudesm-5-en-7β,8α-diol (1). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR. The structure of compound 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

山莨菪碱、旋覆花素和苦碟子对过度训练大鼠心肌Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨山莨菪碱、旋覆花素和苦碟子对过度训练大鼠心肌Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠80只,体重200～220 g,随机分为5组：正常对照组（C组,n=8）、力竭对照组（E组,n=24）、山莨菪碱组（A组,n=16）、旋覆花素组（IB组,n=16）、苦碟子组（IS组,n=16）。采用游泳至力竭建立过度训练动物模型,A组于力竭前即刻腹腔注射山莨菪碱10 mg/kg,IB组于力竭前24 h、即刻口腔灌入旋覆花素25 ml/kg,IS组于力竭前即刻腹腔注射苦碟子20 ml/kg。检测大鼠心肌Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,并对Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值与心肌细胞凋亡率进行相关性分析。结果与C组比较,E组Bax蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值升高。A组、IB组和IS组Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值升高（P〈0.05）。与E组比较,A组、IB组和IS组Bax蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值降低（P〈0.05）。各组Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值与心肌细胞凋亡率呈正相关（r=0.727,P〈0.01）。结论山莨菪碱、旋覆花素和苦碟子预先给药可通过下调过度训练大鼠心肌促凋亡蛋白Bax、上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

中药旋覆花的本草考证和形态组织学研究

根据本草考证,作者认为我国古代所用旋覆花为菊科植物旋覆花Inula japonica Thunb.与欧亚旋覆花Inula britannica L.。本文描述了目前所使用的七种旋覆花的生药性状与组织构造,列表比较了其宏观与微观的主要区别点,并编写了分种检索表。可供鉴别的主要种间差异在于非腺毛和腺毛的多寡、长度与分布以及草酸钙结晶的数量与类型。并发现旋覆花花药草酸钙结晶的消长与花药和花粉粒的发育似有一定关系。作者还对一些文献上旋覆花、欧亚旋覆花和线叶旋覆花的学名写法提出了意见。     

旋覆花中化学成分及其活性研究

综合运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备HPLC色谱分离方法分离纯化旋覆花中的化学成分,采用NMR和质谱等有机波谱学方法鉴定各单体化合物的结构,进一步测试各化合物的抗炎活性。从旋覆花乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到15个化合物,鉴定为二氢芥子醇（1）,（3S,5R,6S,7E）-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one（2）,（6R,7E）-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one（3）,阿里二醇（4）,蒲公英醇乙酸酯（5）,8,9,10-三羟基百里香酚（6）,花旗松素（7）,木犀草素（8）,泽兰黄酮（9）,泽兰黄醇素（10）,菠叶素（11）,槲皮素（12）,对羟基桂皮酸（13）,咖啡酸（14）,咖啡酸乙酯（15）。化合物 1,2,7,13,15 为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物 3,4,9~11,14 为首次从该种植物中分离得到。抗炎活性测定结果表明,化合物 3,6~12,14 具有明确的抑制c-Kit Ligand（KL） 诱导的肥大细胞白三烯C₄ （LTC₄） 生成和脱颗粒的作用,而且化合物 8和12 具有较强的抑制脂多糖（LPS）诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮（NO） 释放作用。首次报道了黄酮类化合物 7,9~11 对LTC₄和肥大细胞脱颗粒具有较强的抑制作用。     

An alkaloidal extract (ALKS1) from Trophis racemosa lowers intraocular pressure in dogs

A 1.0% solution of ALKS1, an alkaloidal extract obtained from Trophis racemosa, produced a significant fall in intraocular pressure in the dog's eye (p <0.001). The fall was antagonized by atropine (p <0.0025), suggesting ALKS1 is acting through a muscarinic mode of action. Further purifcation of the extract is required to determine the actual compound producing this effect on the eye. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of an antidiabetic polysaccharide from Inula japonica on constipation in normal and two models of experimental constipated mice

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an antidiabetic polysaccharide (IJP) from Inula japonica on gastrointestinal transit in normal mice and on constipation in two models of constipated mice. METHODS: Two models of constipation in mice were respectively induced by fasted water for 4 days or induced by diphenoxylate. The normal and constipated mice were administered IJP once at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), the gastrointestinal vermicular motion, start time of defecation, number and weight of stool were investigated. RESULTS: After administration of IJP, the gastrointestinal propulsive rate was increased by 9.79% and 10.42%, the start time of defecation was shortened by 37.27% and 44.06%, the number of feces increased by 115.4% and 130.8% in normal mice. In fasting‐water constipated mice, the start time of defecation was shortened by 9.69% and 30.52% by IJP, defecation granules raised by 22.09% and 39.53%, wet feces weights were increased by 23.50% and 39.14% compared with the untreated constipated mice. In diphenoxylate‐induced mice, the start time of defecation was shortened by 25.48% and 28.13%, defecation granules raised by 100.0% and 118.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of IJP effectively improved bowel movement, stool output observed in this study. IJP may be practical in relieving constipation in the elderly diabetic population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Absence of positive effect of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on fracture healing in osteopenic rodent model

The healing of predominantly metaphyseal fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis is delayed and comparatively poor. Due to the potential side effects of HRT, natural alternatives are appealing. The aim of this study was to determine whether Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055 improves metaphyseal fracture healing in severe osteopenic bone in rats. Thirty‐three 12‐week‐old female rats developed severe osteopenia during 10 weeks after ovariectomy. After metaphyseal tibial‐osteotomy and standardized T‐plate‐osteosynthesis, the healing periods in ovariectomized rats (C), 17‐α‐estradiol (E) and Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) supplemented diets were assessed for 35 days. Changes in callus morphology were evaluated qualitatively by biomechanical testing and quantitatively in microradiographies and fluorochrome‐labeled histological sections. The CR‐supplementation slightly improved callus quality and trabecular bone formation. It significantly enhanced the endosteal callus density compared to C group (Cl.Dn.e C: 59.08 ± 21.89, E: 45.95 ± 18.39, CR: 60.85 ± 18.66*), though most of the other morphological parameters examined showed no improvement. The time course of fracture healing did not change due to CR. Estrogen‐supplementation enhanced the biomechanical properties of the fracture site. Trabecular bone was improved indicating the physiological endosteal healing process. The CR‐supplementation did not exhibit positive effects in severe (senile) osteopenic fracture healing as seen in early (postmenopausal) osteoporosis in rats. Callus formation was slightly improved under CR. Estrogen improved fracture healing in severe osteopenic bone, while the extent of callus formation played a minor role. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.