人膀胱癌细胞nm23蛋白表达量与丝裂霉素抗药指数之间的相关性研究

目的探讨膀胱癌细胞nm23蛋白表达量与丝裂霉素药物敏感性之间的相关性.为临床膀胱移行细胞癌治疗方案选择提供理论依据.方法对32例临床病理诊断为膀胱移行细胞癌标本采用S-P免疫组化和图像分析技术检测细胞的nm23蛋白表达量;同时采用MTT法测定膀胱癌细胞对丝裂霉素的药物敏感性.结果膀胱癌nm23表达量与MMC抗药指数相关,相关指数为0.890(P＜0.001).结论膀胱癌nm23蛋白表达量与MMC抗药指数呈正相关.     

肉桂及其混伪品的HSGC-MS的实验比较研究

目的 比较肉桂及其混伪品的顶空气相指纹图谱，以此鉴别肉桂药材的真伪。方法 采用顶空气相色谱-质谱（HSGC-MS）计算机隧和技术，分别测定肉桂，桂皮，柴桂的指纹图谱并加以比较。结果 肉桂的顶空气相指纹图谱与混伪品桂皮，柴桂有明显区别，其指纹特征峰位于10.60,15.60min处，主要成分为桂皮醛。结论 此方法能有效地鉴别肉桂及其混伪品，具有快速，准确，操作简单，不需对样品进行提取分离，可直接进行测定的特点。     

Hepatitis B and C virus infection in Polish children with malignancies

Infections by hepatotropic viruses belong to the most common complications of chemotherapy in children suffering from neoplastic diseases. The rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the effectiveness of passive immunization against HBV were studied in 285 children; 148/285 with lymphoproliferative diseases and 137/285 with solid tumours. HBV infection was observed in 10.2% children receiving hepatitis B immune globulin as compared to 36.8% without passive immunization against HBV. Anti-HCV antibodies were similar in both groups amounting 38.7% and 32.6% respectively. Conclusion The results show that hepatitis B immune globulin administration is effective and that HCV might become the main cause of hepatitis among immunosuppressed patients in the future. Received: 13 December 1994 / Accepted: 18 October 1996     

宫内感染HBV婴儿接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败的机理和预后研究

为了解宫内受乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染婴儿接种乙肝疫苗导致免疫失败的机理和预后，用植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）作淋巴细胞增殖试验，用ＨＢＶ前Ｓ２多肽特异性扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡＳ区基因并分析其变异情况。对４９７名携带ＨＢＶ母亲所生新生儿单纯接种乙肝疫苗，并对携带ＨＢＶ母亲产前注射免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩＧ）（妇产组）；对携带ＨＢＶ产前不注射ＨＢＩＧ母亲所生４９０名新生儿生后注射ＨＢＩＧ加乙肝疫苗（中山组）。两组均随访４～６年。结果显示，妇产组ＨＢＶ的宫内感染率为１４．３％，中山组ＨＢＶ的宫内感染率为５．７％；淋巴细胞增殖试验显示宫内感染ＨＢＶ后其细胞免疫功能不足，Ｔ淋巴细胞对ＨＢＶ的特异性刺激源处于免疫耐受状态。孕妇产前多次注射ＨＢＩＧ能有效减少ＨＢＶ的宫内感染；在受宫内ＨＢＶ感染的儿童中存在着乙肝病毒变异，感染变异病毒是接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败的重要原因，并易发展为慢性乙型肝炎     

广东地区婴肝患儿的HCV感染

目的探讨广东地区婴儿肝炎综合征中丙型肝炎病毒感染及其传播途径。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）检测血清中丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体，多聚酶链反应（PCR）检测血清中HCVRNA。结果90例婴肝中有11例HCV标志阳性，阳性率为12．2％（11／90），其中抗HCV以及HCVRNA均阳性4例，单项抗HCV阳性3例，单项HCVRNA阳性4例。母亲抗HCV阳性2例。结论HCV感染是广东地区婴儿肝炎综合征中一个不可忽视的病因，本组11例阳性患者的传播途径主要与输注血制品有关，其次为母婴传播。     

Hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease in children of mothers with antibodies to the virus

Objective: To evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and virologic features associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection acquired early in life from mothers with antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV).Study design: Multicenter prospective-retrospective study in Italian children.Patients: Two groups of children were investigated. Group 1 included 14 infants, born to mothers with anti-HCV but without human immunodeficiency virus infection, who became seropositive for HCV RNA during the first year of life and were thus considered infected. Group 2 included 16 children with chronic hepatitis C, aged 1 ½ to 14 years, whose mothers were the unique potential source of infection. Both groups were followed for 12 to 48 months.Methods: Alanine transaminase (ALT), anti-HCV, and HCV RNA were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction on entry to the study and during follow-up.Results: All children in group 1 had anti-HCV throughout follow-up, and all had ALT abnormalities, ranging from 1.5 to 10.5 times the normal value during the first 12 months. During further follow-up, 5 of 10 children had HCV RNA with abnormal ALT values, 3 had a return to normal of the ALT values but continued to have viremia, and 2 eventually had normal ALT values and clearance of HCV RNA. Of the 16 children in group 2, all were free of symptoms and 62% had only slight ALT elevations; 7 who underwent liver biopsy had histologic features of minimal or moderate hepatitis.Conclusions: HCV infection acquired early in life from mothers with anti-HCV is usually associated with biochemical features of liver damage during the first 12 months of life. Progression to chronicity seems to occur in the majority of cases, although HCV-associated liver disease is likely to be mild throughout infancy and childhood. (J Pediatr 1997;130:990-3)     

转化生长因子-α和myc癌基因蛋白在卵泡发育与黄体形成及退化中的表达

目的：探讨转化生长因子（ＴＧＦ）－α和ｍｙｃ癌基因蛋白（ｍｙｃ蛋白）对人卵巢卵泡发育的局部调控机理。方法：收集３６例月经规则、因不同妇科情况切除的子宫及卵巢标本，采用免疫组织化学方法，研究ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白在卵巢组织中的表达。结果：卵母细胞在始基卵泡阶段，ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白的表达呈强阳性，随着卵泡的发育与成熟表达逐渐减弱。在颗粒细胞中，ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白表达均出现在窦前卵泡阶段，随卵泡的增大与成熟，ＴＧＦ－α表达逐渐增强。闭锁卵泡中ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白表达仅限于卵泡膜细胞。在晚期退化的黄体中，ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白表达均局限于黄体中央瘢痕周围的黄体膜细胞。结论：ＴＧＦ－α和ｍｙｃ蛋白作为卵巢内局部的调节因子，通过自分泌和旁分泌途径，协同参与人卵母细胞最初的生长、卵泡细胞的增殖分化和黄体细胞凋亡的过程。     

头孢噻肟在输液中与6种注射剂配伍的稳定性研究

 目的:研究头抱噻肟( cefotaxime, CTX)在50g·L^-1蔺萄糖输液中与维生素B_{6<\sub>等6种注射剂配伍的稳定性，为临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:选择25.37℃在5h内观察配伍液的外观、pH及CTX紫外光谱的变化，用紫外分光光度法测定CTX的含量。结果:其稳定性与温度和pH有关。结论:在25℃，与6种注射剂配伍5h内都稳定可用;在37℃，与维生素C、氛茶碱注射剂配伍，则最好在3h内用完。}     

复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎远期疗效观察

目的：观察复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎远期疗效。方法：用复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎２４例，与用益肝灵治疗的２２例作对照，治疗后随访１年。结果：治疗组治疗结束时和１年后有效率分别为８３３％和９５８％，ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率分别为５００％，５８３％和５８３％，５８３％，均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。治疗组治疗结束时ＡＬＴ和Ａ／Ｇ的复常率分别为９１７％和７２７％，１年后则分别为１００％和９５８％，均高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：复方三姐妹片为治疗慢性乙型肝炎的有效药物，且远期疗效优于近期疗效。     

抗HBc阳性,HBsAg阴性献血者乙型肝炎病毒感染性研究

目的为预防输血后乙型肝炎，是否有必要在献血者中加做抗－ＨＢｃ筛查以及采取何种取舍标准？为此，对常规筛查合格的献血者血液进行了抗－ＨＢｃ滴度与ＨＢＶＤＮＡ相关性的研究。方法用免疫－套式ＰＣＲ法检测了２９７份不同滴度组抗－ＨＢｃ阳性血液的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。结果在４份抗－ＨＢｃ滴度≥１１２８的血液中检出１例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，而在另７５份抗－ＨＢｃ滴度＜１１２８的血液中未检出，ＨＢＶＤＮＡ与抗－ＨＢｃ滴度之间有显著相关性。在２１８份抗－ＨＢｃ／抗－ＨＢｓ双阳血液及５０份抗－ＨＢｃ阴性血液中未检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。结论仅含高滴度单项抗－ＨＢｃ的血液可能具有传染性；ＨＢＶＤＮＡ在抗－ＨＢｃ阳性血液中的总检出率低，仅为０．３４％（１／２９７）。建议将有限的资金首先用于进一步提高现有献血者ＨＢｓＡｇ检测试剂的灵敏度（目前为１ｎｇ／ｍｌ），或许更为有效。